R. Yuvakkumar

Novel green synthetic strategy to prepare ZnO nanocrystals using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract and its antibacterial applications.

In the present investigation, we report a sustainable novel green synthetic strategy to synthesis zinc oxide nanocrystals. This is the first report on sustainable biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystals employing Nephelium lappaceum L., peel extract as a natural ligation agent. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystals was carried out via zinc-ellagate complex formation using rambutan peel wastes. The successful formation of zinc oxide nanocrystals was confirmed employing standard characterisation studies. A possible mechanism for the formation of ZnO nanocrystals with rambutan peel extract was also proposed. The prepared ZnO nanocrystals were coated on the cotton fabric and their antibacterial activity were analyzed. ZnO nanocrystals coated cotton showed good antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli (E. coli), gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), gram positive bacteria.

Rambutan peels promoted biomimetic synthesis of bioinspired zinc oxide nanochains for biomedical applications.

A naturally occurring rambutan peel waste was employed to synthesis bioinspired zinc oxide nanochains. Rambutan peels has the ability of ligating zinc ions as a natural ligation agent resulting in zinc oxide nanochains formation due to its extended polyphenolic system over incubation period. Successful formation of zinc oxide nanochains was confirmed employing transmission electron microscopy studies. About 60% and ∼40% cell viability was lost and 50% and 10% morphological change was observed in 7 and 4 days incubated ZnO treated cells compared with control. Moreover, 50% and 55% of cell death was observed at 24 and 48 h incubation with 7 days treated ZnO cells and hence alters and disturbs the growth of cancer cells and could be used for liver cancer cell treatment.

Nd2O3: novel synthesis and characterization

The present work was focused on producing sustainable Nd2O3 nanoparticles for inhibiting human breast cancer cells. Novel synthesis route was described. Raman, PL, XRD, FTIR, XPS and TEM characterization was explored. Observed Raman Fg and Agxa0+xa0Eg combination modes confirmed Nd2O3. PL emission bands around ∼352–392xa0nm (UV), ∼429–472xa0nm (blue), ∼580xa0nm (green) and ∼650xa0nm (red) further confirmed Nd2O3. Highest incubation period clearly exhibits (100) oriented strong XRD characteristic Nd2O3 peak. 413 and 630xa0cm−1 peaks represent IR characteristic metal–oxygen (Nd–O) vibrations. Nd3d peak shifted to higher binding energy upon increasing incubation period substantiate the presence of bigger particles due to rich Nd structure.xa07xa0days incubation revealed agglomerated Nd2O3 particles (200xa0nm). 1xa0day incubated 500 (µg/ml) Nd2O3 dosage could be used as an effective biocompatibility material.

Novel Zirconium Nitride and Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Coating: Detailed Analysis and Functional Properties

A new type of high-quality zirconium nitride (ZrN) and hydroxyapatite (HA) bionanocomposite was prepared by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications. Detailed analysis of this composite coating revealed that a higher substrate temperature (ST) (>300 °C) increased its crystallinity, uniformity, and functional properties. This nanocomposite showed some encouraging functional properties. Mechanical analyses of the nanocomposite showed improved hardness, modulus, and wear resistance, which were found to be due to the increasing volume fraction of ZrN at higher ST. Biomineralization and in vitro cell analysis revealed increased weight gain and enhanced cell activity with increased substrate temperature. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that this nanocomposite coating could become a promising alternative for biomedical applications.

Inorganic complex intermediate Co3O4 nanostructures using green ligation from natural waste resources

Sustainable new insights into the development of Co3O4 as a natural litigation agent via cobalt–ellagate complex formation were revealed using Nephelium lappaceum L. peel-waste resources. Suggestive cell (3T3) suffering was more obvious at 500 μg ml−1 Co3O4 dosages, with a decrease in cell viability of ∼30%. This material is a potentially suitable candidate for applications in biomedicine and sustainable materials development.

Structural and toxic effect investigation of vanadium pentoxide.

A facile inorganic complex synthesis route has been developed to synthesis V2O5 nanostructures. The effects of varying incubation time on the crystallinity and morphology of the V2O5 phase has been investigated. The obtained XRD result clearly revealed the pure orthorhombic V2O5 crystalline phase. Raman antiphase bridging VO and chaining VO stretching modes peaks at 686 and 521cm(-1) attributed orthorhombic V2O5 characteristics. The V2p3/2 peak at the binding energies of 517eV and V2p1/2 peak at 524eV assigned to V(5+) oxidation state. Bioinspired V2O5 nanostructures as a biocompatible material for anticancer agents show excellent cytotoxicity at higher V2O5 concentration.

Rice husk ash nanosilica to inhibit human breast cancer cell line (3T3)

AbstractnNaOH treatment on phase, purity and particle size of rice husk nanosilica were investigated employing alkaline-extraction–acid-precipitation method. Mild reaction at lower NaOH (1.5xa0N) revealed small and fine particles (600xa0nm) due to moderate reaction rate. Morphology of human breast cancer cell line (3T3) revealed that suggestive cell distress effects were more pronounced at 500xa0µg/ml silica dosages which are in agreement with cell viability decrease (~50xa0%). Among different silica dosages, 10xa0µg/ml was found to have highest cell viability (∼70xa0±xa02xa0%) capable of increasing dissolved oxygen level while viability was almost decreased to 27xa0±xa05xa0% due to toxic effect caused at higher SiO2 dosage and could be a potential candidate best suited for biomedical applications through development of sustainable materials.

Antibacterial and Wash Durability Properties of Untreated and Treated Cotton Fabric Using MgO and NiO Nanoparticles

We report an antibacterial and wash durability behaviour of MgO and NiO nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as cross linker. The metal oxide nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as a crosslinker was characterized employing SEM-EDX and their antibacterial activity was analyzed. The enhanced zone of inhibition and wash durability behaviour was observed for NiO nanoparticles treated fabric. However, MgO nanoparticles showed less significant antibacterial and wash durabilty activities when compared to NiO nanoparticles treated cotton fabrics.

Incubation and aging effect on cassiterite type tetragonal rutile SnO2 nanocrystals

The effect of incubation and aging on cassiterite type tetragonal rutile SnO2 nanocrystals employing green synthesis technique has been investigated. The incubation and aging affected the compositional and morphological properties of SnO2 and not influenced the structural properties of nanocrystals. The incubation and aging further influenced the particle shape and size of the obtained product. XRD results of the obtained product unambiguously revealed the cassiterite type tetragonal rutile phase of SnO2 nanocrystals. The characteristic Raman peaks observed at 249, 476, 631 and 773xa0cm−1 were respectively revealed infrared active (Eu), Raman active (Eg), (A1g) and (B2g) vibration modes of pure tetragonal rutile SnO2 structure.xa03d3/2 and 3d5/2 of XPS peaks observed at 496 and 487xa0eV was clearly revealed the Sn4+ state in tetragonal rutile structure. The obtained TEM micrographs clearly revealed that the grain size and agglomeration was increased at higher incubation and aging treatments.

A Comparative Study on Antibacterial and Wash Durability Behaviour of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles Treated Cotton Fabric Using Sodium Alginate as Cross Linker

The effects of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on antibacterial and wash durability behaviour of nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as cross linker were studied. The metal oxide nanoparticles treated cotton fabric using sodium alginate as a crosslinker was characterized employing SEM-EDX and their antibacterial activity was analyzed. The obtained zone of inhibition and estimated wash durability behaviour is in the order of ZnO>CuO.