Rachad Antonius

Interpreting quantitative data with IBM SPSS statistics

PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE METHODS The Basic Language of Statistics The Research Process PART TWO DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Univariate Descriptive Statistics Graphical Representations PART THREE METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS Creating New Variables with SPSS Normal Distributions and Sampling Distributions Sampling Designs PART FOUR INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Estimation Hypothesis-Testing PART FIVE Correlation and the Regression Line Two-Way Tables and the Chi-Squared Test t-tests and ANOVA Appendix I: Reporting a Quantitative Analysis Appendix II: How to Create a Data File in SPSS Appendix III: Areas Under the Normal Curve Appendix IV: Table of Random Numbers Glossary

Palestine-Israël : Moments structurants et droit international (1917-2015)

Partant d’une analyse du debat de 1922 a la Chambre des Lords britannique au sujet du Mandat sur la Palestine, ce texte propose une lecture de la transformation de la Palestine fondee sur trois moments structurants: 1917-1922, 1947-1949, et 1989-1993. Les regles du jeu etablies a chacun de ces moments ont predetermine la palette des issues possibles pour les decennies suivantes. Chaque moment est caracterise par un recours differencie au droit international par le mouvement sioniste puis par l’Etat d’Israel : d’abord une legitimation de l’entreprise par le recours indirect au droit, via la puissance mandataire ; puis un recours selectif au droit international en tant qu’acteur etatique ; et enfin un contournement du droit international par la soustraction processus de negociation au controle de l’ONU.

The Basic Language of Statistics

Social sciences aim to study social phenomena – that is, human collective behavior, the culture that sustains it, the relationships between people that make it possible, and the organizations and institutions that regulate it – as rigorously as possible. This involves describing some aspect of social reality, analyzing it to see whether causal or explanatory links can be established between its various parts, and, whenever possible, predicting future outcomes, or at least a range of possible outcomes. The general objective of such studies is to understand the patterns of individual or collective behavior, the constraints that affect it, the causes and explanations that can help us understand our societies and ourselves better and predict the consequences of certain situations. Such studies are never entirely objective, as they are inevitably based on certain assumptions and beliefs that cannot be demonstrated. Our perceptions of social phenomena are themselves subjective to a large extent, as they depend on the meanings we attribute to what we observe. Thus, we interpret social and human phenomena much more than we describe them, but we try to make that interpretation as objective as possible.