Rachel Marie-Crane Williams

LOGISMOS—Layered Optimal Graph Image Segmentation of Multiple Objects and Surfaces: Cartilage Segmentation in the Knee Joint

A novel method for simultaneous segmentation of multiple interacting surfaces belonging to multiple interacting objects, called LOGISMOS (layered optimal graph image segmentation of multiple objects and surfaces), is reported. The approach is based on the algorithmic incorporation of multiple spatial inter-relationships in a single n-dimensional graph, followed by graph optimization that yields a globally optimal solution. The LOGISMOS methods utility and performance are demonstrated on a bone and cartilage segmentation task in the human knee joint. Although trained on only a relatively small number of nine example images, this system achieved good performance. Judged by dice similarity coefficients (DSC) using a leave-one-out test, DSC values of 0.84 0.04, 0.80 0.04 and 0.80 0.04 were obtained for the femoral, tibial, and patellar regions, respectively. These are excellent DSC values, considering the narrow-sheet character of the cartilage regions. Similarly, low signed mean cartilage thickness errors were obtained when compared to a manually-traced independent standard in 60 randomly selected 3-D MR image datasets from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database-0.11 0.24, 0.05 0.23, and 0.03 0.17 mm for the femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilage thickness, respectively. The average signed surface positioning errors for the six detected surfaces ranged from 0.04 0.12 mm to 0.16 0.22 mm. The reported LOGISMOS framework provides robust and accurate segmentation of the knee joint bone and cartilage surfaces of the femur, tibia, and patella. As a general segmentation tool, the developed framework can be applied to a broad range of multiobject multisurface segmentation problems.

Physical health of women in prison: Relationship to oppression

This article examines the health of women in prison, taking into account social structures such as racism, classism, sexism, and the stigma of drug addiction in their daily lives. Women are the fastest growing segment of the criminal justice system and are entering the system with far greater health problems than men, but with less access to health services. Incarcerated women are disproportionately poor women of color who have experienced years of minority stress, drug addiction, violence, and abuse. The article identifies the need for better prison health services, increased access to substance abuse treatment, and a reconsideration of current drug policy and laws. There is a critical need to create broader community-health-oriented responses to the epidemic of drug addiction in our society. Such responses extend beyond individual risk factors for disease and address wider societal issues.

Narrative Art and Incarcerated Abused Women.

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Art, Poetry, Loss, and Life: A Case Study of Ann

Through a case study method, the author examines the role of art and poetry in the life of a female inmate serving a life-sentence. Insights regarding the inmates institutional journey, relationships, daily life, poetry writing, and art making are provided. The author concludes that art and poetry are powerful forces that pervade, inform, and are informed by culture. Implications for practice, policy, and research are noted.