Raef A. Lawson

Small Sample Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio

Abstract Numerous methods—based on exact and asymptotic distributions—can be used to obtain confidence intervals for the odds ratio in 2 × 2 tables. We examine ten methods for generating these intervals based on coverage probability, closeness of coverage probability to target, and length of confidence intervals. Based on these criteria, Cornfield’s method, without the continuity correction, performed the best of the methods examined here. A drawback to use of this method is the significant possibility that the attained coverage probability will not meet the nominal confidence level. Use of a mid-P value greatly improves methods based on the “exact” distribution. When combined with the Wilson rule for selection of a rejection set, the resulting method is a procedure that performed very well. Crow’s method, with use of a mid-P, performed well, although it was only a slight improvement over the Wilson mid-P method. Its cumbersome calculations preclude its general acceptance. Woolfs (logit) method—with the Haldane–Anscombe correction— performed well, especially with regard to length of confidence intervals, and is recommended based on ease of computation.

Enhancing environmental awareness in future business leaders

In this paper the limitations of the current business education paradigm are discussed along with the consequential adverse impact on business decision making and society. The leadership role undertaken by some corporations in internalising sustainability measures into their strategies are then briefly discussed. Some of the commonly taught topics in management strategy and accounting courses which typically ignore social concerns are then outlined. A framework is presented for inclusion of sustainability issues in the commonly taught tools of managerial decision making. The paper concludes by exploring the ramifications of incorporating these concepts into business education.

Analysis of accounting academe's response to structural changes in the profession using the disruptive technology framework

There have been numerous calls for reforming and updating accounting curriculum to meet the evolving needs of the profession. Despite these calls having come from influential sources, little change has taken place. The failure of accounting curriculum to adequately adapt to changes in the accounting environment is consistent with the predictions of the theory of disruptive technology. We enumerate the potential consequences from the failure to adapt and describe possible actions that can help mitigate them.

CSR Initiatives Across the Value Chain

The possible effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on internal auditing and corporate culture has been the subject of wide speculation by experts. But the author of this article cautions that what it is feared to do at some point—and what it actually has done to date—are broadly different. Is it likely to rehabilitate corporate cultures from the inside out? Will it be effective? The author, an expert in forensic accounting, weighs in with his opinion.