Rafael Heinz

Decomposição e liberação de nutrientes de resíduos culturais de crambe e nabo forrageiro

This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release from crop residues of fodder radish and crambe in the implementation of no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a Distroferric Red Latossol with 762g kg-1 of clay. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were applied in split plots, considering the species of cover crops (radish and crambe) as the main plots and harvest dates of decomposition bags (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 days after management) as subplots. The cover crops were treated 60 days after management, in full bloom. Radish presented a dry mass production of 5586kg ha-1 and crambe of 2688kg ha-1. The kinetics of residue decomposition had a behavior similar to the dynamics of nutrient release, with an initial rapid phase followed by a slower one. The K, P and Mg are released more quickly for subsequent crops. The increased speed of nutrients release by crops occurred around 15 days after the biomass management.

SOMBREAMENTO NA EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS E NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Dipteryx alata Vog.

This work was carried out in order to evaluate the potential of germination of the seeds and the seedlings growth of baru (Dipteryx alata) in different levels of shading. To evaluate the emergency, the sowing was realized in trays of cells filled with Plantmax® substratum + land + sand + chicken manure in proportion of (1: 1: 1: 0.5) and kept in the full sun, 50 % and 70 % of shading. The experiment was carried out in design entirely randomized with three levels of shading in four repetitions of 25 seeds. It was evaluated the percentage and the velocity of the emergency index. To evaluate the initial growth, the seedlings were transplanted and, three repetitions of 15 changes totalizing 45 seedlings were kept in its respective shading. The experiment was realized in a complete randomized design in factorial 3 (shading levels) x 5 (times of evaluation for height, diameter of collect, total chlorophyll, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate) and 2 (times of evaluation for leaf area, length of root, fresh and dry mass). The shading levels did not influence the percentage and the velocity index of seedling emergency (71.3 % and 1.08 respectively). High value of height (16 cm), leaf area (220.2 cm²), length of root (14.9 cm), fresh and dry mass (9.71 g and 3.21 g) of seedlings were observed under shading not varying between them. The seedlings presented lower photosynthetic rate in the 70 % of shading (6.8 μmol m-2 s-1). The levels of shadings did not influence in seedling emergency

Milho pipoca consorciado com feijão em diferentes arranjos de plantas

The intercropping of popcorn and bean is an alternative for small farmers, by providing higher profits and a better use of the crop area, besides reducing loss risks. This study aimed to evaluate different popcorn and bean intercropping systems. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field owned by the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme, with plots consisting of two popcorn cultivars (Zelia and BRS Ângela) and subplots consisting of three intercropping systems with popcorn and the BRS MG Pioneiro bean (popcorn + bean in the popcorn row, popcorn + bean between the popcorn rows, and corn + bean in the popcorn row + bean between the popcorn rows), and popcorn under monocropping system. The intercropping systems evaluated did not affect the popcorn yield, and bean sown in the popcorn row + between the popcorn rows resulted in a higher yield. In general, the intercropping between the two species decreased bean yield, however, due to the equivalent area index values, it was 50% to 91% more efficient than the monocropping systems.

Seleção de progênies de meio-irmãos de milho para eficiência no uso de nitrogênio

The study aimed to estimate the parameters and the genetic gain in selection of half-sib for nitrogen use efficiency, through simultaneous selection of characters. Two experiments were established, differentiated by nitrogen fertilization, one with proper fertilization (high N) and another in stress conditions (low N). The experiment was using a 10x10 lattice with two replications. In the tests we used 84 different half-sib and 16 witnesses. From the mean squares of analysis of variance in each environment were the estimates of genetic parameters. After the analysis were selected in each environment 17 different half-brothers, through the classical index selection, and verified the repeatability of the progeny in both environments. Observed variability among progenies, determining the potential for population screening for nitrogen use efficiency. The parameter estimates and genetic gains were higher in high N The use of selection index promoted estimates of selection gain of 24.43 and 21.05% for high and low N, respectively, for grain yield. The progenies showed average yield of 13.45 and 19.47% higher than control in high and low N, respectively.