Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes

Avaliação qualitativa da pastagem de capim tanner-grass (Brachiaria arrecta), por três diferentes métodos de amostragem

The quality of B. radicans, former B. radicans pasture, was evaluated using extrusa collection, hand-plucked and total availability methods. Three esophageous fistulated steers were used for the extrusa collection. Samples for total availability of the pasture were collected cutting plant material close to the ground inside a metalic square (0.5 x 0.5m). hand-plucked method was performed manually. There was a significant effect for the months of collection for the in vitro dry matter disapperance, but not among the collection methods tested. The extrusa collection method showing the highest values (62.1%). There was no difference for crude protein among the simulated grazing and extrusa methods. The CP values for the total availability methods were under 7%. Mean values for the neutral detergent fiber (72.3%) and acid detergent fiber (38.2%) obtained by the collection methods tested confirmed that tropical forrages have high cell wall contents. The samples obtained by the total availability method did not represent the animals ingesta. The collection method influenced the pasture quality evaluation. The hand-plucked method can be a satisfactory estimated for the diet select by the cattle.

Desempenho de Novilhos Nelore em Pastejo na Época das Águas: Ganho de Peso, Consumo e Parâmetros Ruminais

The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplemention of young bulls, under grazing, in the rainy season period. The experiment was conducted at the Braga Farm in Araponga, MG, in the period from january to april of 1999. Using twenty four young bulls with 335 kg LW of initial body weight, and nine fistulated steers, in Gordura (Melinis minutiflora) and Brachiaria radicans grass. Three comercial supplements were used: mineral salt supplement (SM), corn-wheat meal and urea based protein supplement (MT) and wheat-soybean meal based protein supplement (TS). A completely randomized experimental design was used, the means were compared by SNK test at 5% probability. The animals, groups of eight, were allotted to three paddocks and showed average daily gain of 0.60, 0.76 and 0.88 kg/animal/day for the SM, TS e MT, supplement. There was no difference between the protein supplements, the supplement intake was 0.13, 0.23 and 0.20 kg/animal/day, for SM, TS e MT, respectively. The concentration of ruminal amonia was larger for the animals supplemented with MT and the pH for all treatments was manteined above 6,2. The animals feeding protein supplement, have better performance, when compared with those feed SM.

Colostro fermentado, associado ao óleo de soja e promotor de crescimento, em substituição ao leite, na alimentação de bezerros mestiços leiteiros

The objective of this trial was to study the effects of replacing milk with whole milk or fermented colostrum, supplemented or not with soy oil and with or without growth promoter (Zeranol) on performance of 40 F1 Holstein x Gir calves averaging 36 kg. Weight gain, thoracic circumference, withers height and milk or fermented colostrums intake, and concentrated ration intake were the variables investigated from age 15 to 60 days. No significant difference on feed intake was observed when whole milk and Zeranol were fed. Feed intake of animals fed fermented colostrum with Zeranol increased by 44.23% than those without Zeranol and by 132% than those fed whole milk with Zeranol. No effects of feeding soy oil with Zeranol on gain weight was detected. Calves fed milk and Zeranol had greater withers height (85.70 cm). Supplementation of the liquid diet with soy oil and with Zeranol did not change thoracic circumference (average of 88.19 cm). Calves fed both liquid diet showed constant and similar growth rate. Fermented colostrum-based diet can promote the same weight gain as whole milk-based diet.

Características de carcaça de bezerros de rebanhos leiteiros desmamados precocemente e alimentados com diferentes dietas líquidas

Carcass yield and growth of organs and innards of 40 crossbreed F1 Holstein X Gir calves fed different liquid diets (whole milk or fermented colostrum-based diets), supplemented or not with soy oil (45 mL) and with or without growth promoter Zeranol were evaluated. The animals were daily fed a diet with concentrate (23% crude protein), Tifton hay ad libitum and 3 L of milk or fermented colostrum. The animals were slaughtered at average weight of 57.38 kg and 60 days old. No effect of feeding different liquid diets on the organs weight and non integrate carcass components was detected. However, calves fed milk and Zeranol showed heavier industrial meat weight. No effect of feeding liquid diets with Zeranol on Longissimus dorsi area was observed, with an average value of 15.27 cm2. Animals fed fermented colostrum without Zeranol exhibited respective weights of rumen-reticulum, small intestine and mesentery of 954, 2,076 and 619 g. Calves fed diet supplemented with with soy oil had higher percentage of internal fat. Carcass length increased by 5.0% in animals fed milk with Zeranol and decreased by 5.5% in animals fed colostrum with Zeranol. Animals fed fermented colostrum without Zeranol showed carcass 5.0% heavier than those fed whole milk without Zeranol. Performance (hot and cold carcass weight) of animals fed whole milk with Zeranol was similar to those fed fermented colostrum with Zeranol. Animals fed milk showed greater bone and fat proportions in the carcass.

Recombinant bovine somatotropin on heifer’s biometric measures, bodyweight, blood metabolites, and dry matter intake predictions

This study aimed to determine the influence of sustained-release recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) injections on biometrics measures, bodyweight (BW), average BW gain, observed and predicted DM intake, accuracy of recent methods to estimate DM intake, blood metabolites, haematological profile and rectal temperature in dairy heifers. Thirty Holstein heifers (132 ± 27 kg BW and 6.2 ± 0.35 months of age) were used in a complete randomised design experiment. Heifers were assigned to treatments: (1) Control (CON), 250 mL of saline solution, or (2) rbST, 250 mg of sustained-release rbST every 15 days. Treatments were injected in the subcutaneous of ischiorectal fossa or subscapular region in a regular alternating manner (right and left side) every 15 days throughout a period of 90 days. Prediction of DM intake was calculated using either non-linear or linear models for heifers in tropical conditions. rbST injections increased the average values of thoracic perimeter, length, and rump width in heifers. rbST-treated heifers had higher average BW and BW gain than CON. Regardless of the model applied, both observed and predicted DM intake were higher for heifers rbST-treated in relation to CON. Non-linear model was accurate without significant bias. rbST injections elevated blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in heifers. No differences were detected on haematological profile and rectal temperature of heifers. rbST injections every 15 days to growing heifers promoted animal performance by increasing biometrics measures and BW gain. In addition, non-linear model was accurate to predict DM intake of heifers.

Degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta, e tempo de colonização microbiana de oleaginosas, utilizadas na alimentação de ovinos - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i4.11388

This study evaluated in situ ruminal degradability of grains of linseed, canola, rapeseed and corn, whole cottonseed, as well as soybean hulls and soybean meal, in sheep. Three Santa Ines sheep were fistulated and fitted with rumen cannulas. The animals were housed in individual stalls, receiving chopped grass and concentrated feed daily. Feeds were incubated in descending order of 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. Protein content was 34.77% for canola, 30.07% for rapeseed, 23.70% for linseed, 10.64% for corn, 26.12% for cottonseed, 14.65% for soybean hulls, and 56.90% for soybean meal. Canola and rapeseed showed low effective degradability of DM, with mean value of 33.68%. Linseed grain had DM degradability of 64.24%, with 87.89% potential degradable fraction. Corn grain showed soluble fraction of 12.33% and 39.67% degradation for DM. Soybean meal was within normal parameters of degradation, with 52.61% for DM and 52.83% for CP. For linseed, canola and rapeseed, average protein degradability value was 18.34%. The evaluated grains showed low effective degradability for dry matter and crude protein.

Desempenho produtivo de cabritos alimentados com diferentes dietas líquidas, associadas com promotor de crescimento

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding whole goat milk or fermented cow colostrum supplemented or not with soy oil and with or without the growth promoter Zeranol on performance of kid goats. Twenty-four Alpine kid goats assigned to a completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement were used in this trial. The following variables were investigated: weight gain, intakes of dry matter and concentrate, feed conversion, and organ sizes. Significant differences were observed among liquid diets with or without Zeranol for weight gain at 29, 36, and 50 days old, but not for the average daily gain. No significant differences for intake of both dry matter and concentrate as well as for feed conversion were detected among liquid diets. Supplementation of the liquid diets with soy oil and injection of Zeranol did not change the organ sizes.

Desempenho de novilhos nelore e seus mestiços com Santa Gertrudis e simental ,recebendo cinco níveis de suplementação a pasto

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a eficiencia suplementar de novilhos Nelore e seus mesticos com Santa Gertrudis e Simental, mantidos em pasto de Brachiaria brizantha durante a recria e recebendo diferentes niveis de suplementacao, entre os meses de marco e novembro de 2003. Foram utilizados novilhos de tres grupos geneticos, com idade media de 10 meses, e peso de 226 Kg; em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos utilizados foram baseados no fornecimento de suplementos nas quantidades de 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,50% e 1,0% do peso vivo, e controle (Sal Mineral). Todos os tratamentos tiveram como base o milho e o farelo de soja, com teor de 24% de proteina bruta. Nao ocorreram diferencas entre os grupos geneticos dentro de um mesmo nivel de fornecimento, mas sim entre os niveis. Todos os animais responderam a suplementacao com aumento de peso, nao ocorrendo diferenca entre os niveis de 0,5% e 1,0% de suplemento. Apesar do suplemento afetar positivamente o ganho de peso dos animais durante os periodos, a resposta para niveis mais altos de suplementacao foi ineficiente em todos os grupos geneticos estudados. A pior eficiencia apresentada pelos animais da raca Nelore, na epoca de transicao pode estar associada a menor ingestao de materia seca. Durante a epoca seca os mesticos Nelore/Santa Gertrudis, e Nelore/Simental, responderam com 0,10 quilo de ganho/animal/dia para cada quilo de suplemento no nivel de 1,0%. Os melhores resultados parecem ter ocorrido quando se forneceu uma pequena quantidade de suplemento 0,125% do PV, e os animais se mostraram extremamente eficiente, com eficiencias medias de 1,62.