Rafet Mete

Melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis after bile-duct ligation in rats.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of melatonin against cholestatic oxidative stress, liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis in the common rats with bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, BDL and BDL + received melatonin; each group contains eight animals. Melatonin-treated BDL rats received daily melatonin 100 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection. The application of BDL clearly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue MDA levels and increased the reduced SOD and GSH enzyme levels in the tissues. The changes demonstrate that the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas as observed in the BDL group. The data indicate that melatonin attenuates BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis. The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the melatonin treatment. These results suggest that administration of melatonin is a potentially beneficial agent to reduce liver damage in BDL by decreasing oxidative stress.

The role of oxidants and reactive nitrogen species in irritable bowel syndrome: A potential etiological explanation

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the plasma activities of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in patients with IBS. Material/Methods A total of 36 patients with IBS were included in the study. Thirty-five healthy subjects were selected to form the control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (AD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were studied in the serum samples of all patients and controls. Results Plasma XO and AD activities, and MDA and NO concentrations were significantly higher in IBS patients than in controls. The SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in the serum of patients with IBS were significantly lower than that of controls. Conclusions These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant enzymatic system may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBS. Increased lipid peroxidation in IBS may be related to an increase in NO level and XO activity and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, increased AD activity may have a role in immunological changes of IBS patients.

Protective effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Background/aim: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used and potent chemotherapeutic agent. However, serious dose-limiting toxicity through generation of free oxygen radicals is a commonly encountered clinical problem. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective role of onion (Allium cepa) extract (ACE) against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Method: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into 3 equal experimental groups: (1) DOX; (2) ACE + DOX; and (3) control groups. ACE was given orally as 1 mL of fresh ACE juice for 14 consecutive days followed by DOX injection. DOX was injected intraperitoneally in a single dose of 30 mg/kg body weight to induce hepatotoxicity, and the rats were killed after 48 h from injection. Control group was given saline only. Results: In the ACE pretreated group (ACE + DOX), serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were significantly lower, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were higher compared with the DOX group. The histopathological examination of liver specimens revealed parenchymal necrosis, proliferation of biliary duct in DOX group; while ACE pretreatment provided marked reduction in these changes. Conclusion: Our study indicates that pretreatment with ACE protects against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity due to the antioxidant properties of ACE. Further studies on efficacy of antioxidant treatment by ACE in DOX-mediated toxicity and underlying mechanisms would provide a better explanation.

THE ROLE OF ADIPOCYTOKINES IN COLON CANCER AND ADENOMAS / ULOGA ADIPOCITOKINA U KANCERU I ADENOMIMA DEBELOG CREVA

Summary Metabolic changes resulting from obesity, insulin insensitivity, and imbalances in hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin and visfatin, which are derived from white adipose tissue-derived hormone, are directly linked to both colon cancer (CC) and inflammatory bowel diseases increasing tissue-derived risk. We conducted this study to evaluate the relationship between the circulating concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin and visfatin and colon adenoma and CC. Our study included 90 participants aged >18 years who were divided into three groups: colon cancer, adenoma and control. The serum concentrations of the investigated adipohormones were measured with ELISA in 30 patients with colon adenoma, 30 with CC and 30 controls with no colon pathology. Demographic, anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters were also recorded. The group means were compared by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Dual comparisons between groups were analyzed with the Tukey test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relation between continuous variables. Adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with adenomas (p<0.000; p<0.000, respectively) and CC (p<0.000; p<0.000, respectively) were lower than in controls. Apelin level in patients with CC (p<0.000; p<0.000, respectively) was lower than in patients with adenomas and in controls. Resistin and visfatin levels in patients with CC (p<0.000; p<0.000, respectively) were higher than in patients with adenomas and in controls. Kratak sadrzaj Metaboli~ke promene koje su posledica gojaznosti, neosetljivosti na insulin i poreme}aja ravnote`e hormona kao {to su adiponektin, leptin, rezistin, apelin i visfatin, koji poti~u od hormona iz belog adipoznog tkiva, direktno su povezane sa rakom debelog creva (CC) kao i sa inflamatornim bolestima creva koje pove}avaju rizik od raka debelog creva. Spro - veli smo ovu studiju kako bismo istra`ili odnos izme|u cirku - li{u}ih koncentracija adiponektina, leptina, rezistina, apelina i visfatina, i adenoma i raka debelog creva. Na{a studija obuhvatila je 90 u~esnika starih >18 godina koji su podeljeni u tri grupe: rak debelog creva, adenom i kontrolna grupa. Koncentracije ispitivanih adipohormona u serumu izmerene su pomo}u ELISA kod 30 pacijenata sa adenomom debelog creva, 30 sa rakom debelog creva i 30 kontrolnih subjekata bez patolo{kih promena na debelom crevu. Demografski, antropometrijski, metaboli~ki i hormonski parametri tako|e su bele`eni. Proseci grupa upore|eni su pomo}u analize ANOVA. Dvostruka pore|enja izme|u grupa izvedena su pomo}u Tukijevog testa. Za odre|ivanje odnosa izme|u kontinuiranih varijabli upotrebljen je Pirsonov koeficijent korelacije. Nivoi adiponektina i leptina kod pacijenata sa adenomima (p<0,000; p<0,000) i CC (p<0,000; p<0,000) bili su ni`i nego kod kontrolnih subjekata. Nivo apelina kod pacijenata sa CC (p<0,000) bio je ni`i nego kod pacijenata sa adenomima i kontrolnih subjekata. Nivoi rezistina i visfatina kod pacijenata sa CC (p<0,000; p<0,000) bili su vi{i nego kod pacijenata sa adenomima i kontrolnih subjekata.

The influence of vitamin D deficiency on eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy improves the healing of various gastro-duodenal diseases such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, and also reduces gastric cancer incidence. Several studies have reported on risk factors other than antibiotic resistance related to Helicobacter pylori eradication failure. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate whether or not the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) influence eradication rates of H.pylori. MATERIAL AND METHODS 220 patients diagnosed with H.pylori gastritis using endoscopic biopsy had their 25-OH vitamin D levels measured via the electrochemiluminescence method before beginning eradication therapy of H.pylori. Gastric biopsies obtained at endoscopy were examined for H.pylori strains and histopathologic findings. All patients were treated with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for 14 days. H.pylori eradication was determined via the 14C-urea breath test performed 4 weeks after the end of therapy. Based on the 25-OH vitamin D levels, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (deficient) had a vitamin D level of <10 ng/mL, while group 2 (sufficient) had a vitamin D level of ≥10 ng/ mL. RESULTS Eradication was successful in 170 (77.2%) patients and failed in 50 (22.7%) patients. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 30.5%. Mean 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the eradication failure group compared to the successful treatment group (9.13 ±4.7 vs 19.03 ±8.13; p = 0.001). There were significantly more patients with deficient 25(OH)D levels in the failed treatment group compared to the successful treatment group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 25-OH vitamin D deficiency may be considered a risk factor related to eradication failure of H.pylori, which may lead to a need for supplementation of vitamin D before eradication of H.pylori.

Choroidal Thickness of Helicobacter-Positive Patients without Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients without clinical central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients with pathologically proven H. pylori infection (H. pylori (+)) and 50 patients without H. pylori infection (H. pylori (−)). All of the recruited patients were previously admitted to the Gastroenterology Department of the Namik Kemal University School of Medicine over the period of July 2014 to September 2015. All patients had 20/20 vision and underwent complete ophthalmological examination, macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), and enhanced depth imaging OCT. Results: All patients had 20/20 vision and similar macular thicknesses. The mean SFCT of patients in the H. pylori (+) group was 309 ± 41.1 µm and 315 ± 18.2 µm in the H. pylori (−) group (p = 0.174). The right and left eyes of patients in the H. pylori (+) and (−) groups were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.852, p = 0.937). The age, sex, and choroidal thicknesses of patients in the H. pylori (+) and (−) groups were not correlated. Conclusion: H. pylori infection does not have an effect on choroidal thickness in patients without any ocular pathology.

FRI0206 Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease that cannot be explained with an organic pathology, characterized by change in bowel habits and abdominal pain that relaxes with defecation. It is well known that IBS has an increased association with psychosomatic illnesses such as depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Similarly, publications are available in the literature that IBS has also an increased association with chronic, painful inflammatory pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. And also ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton, that is characterized by new bone formation can eventually cause ankylosis and limitation of motion and disability. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the prevalence of IBS in patients with AS. Methods The study was conducted at a university hospital rheumatology clinic and 113 consecutive patients with AS according to the modified New York criteria were included. Patients demographics, clinic and laboratory data were recorded. Functional status was evaluated with BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), health quality with ASQOL (Ankylosing Spondylitis Health Quality) and disease activity with BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index). Then all patients were questioned with diagnosis of IBS and type according to ROME III criteria. The mean and standard deviation values for continuous variables were given. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage. While Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous variables between two groups, chi-square test was used for categorical variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients are given in the table. Prevalence of IBS in patients with AS was found to be 30.1%. The distribution of types of IBS is following; 38% alternating diarrhea and constipation type, 23% constipation dominant type, 21% diarrhea dominant type and 18% mixed type. Frequency of IBS was found to be significantly higher in higher disease activity group (BASDAI>4) and in patients treated with biologic agents. (p values <0.001, 0.017, respectively). Prevalence of IBS between the sexes was found to be significantly higher in female patients (p: 0.031). Conclusions IBS; when compared to the normal population was found to be higher (%30) in patients with AS. In a similar manner to the community, frequency of IBS is significantly higher in female patients, although AS is more frequent in male patients. As a result, in patients with AS, especially with high disease activity, gastroenterological complaints should be questioned; and the diagnosis of IBS should not be ignored in the treatment process. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Effects of the ischemic preconditioning on anastomotic healing in laparoscopic colon operations.

Background: Previous experimental studies have repeatedly demonstrated the potential protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on colon anastomosis. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the possible positive effects of IPC by interval insufflations in laparoscopic colon operations. Methods: Thirty Wistar-albino rats were randomized into 3 groups. Colonic transsection and anastomosis were performed in the control group. In the laparoscopic colon operation without IPC group, the intra-abdominal pressure was raised to 14 mm Hg for 60 minutes, and then laparotomy and colonic anastomosis were performed. In the IPC group, the intra-abdominal pressure was raised to 14 mm Hg for 5 minutes, followed by desufflation. Laparotomy and colonic anastomosis were performed exactly as in the non-IPC group. On the seventh postoperative day, all animals were killed, and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Anastomotic healing and inflammatory responses were determined by histopathologic examination and by measuring the anastomotic bursting pressure, tissue hydroxyproline level, and tissue and serum nitric oxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase activity levels. Differences with P-values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Although the best anastomotic healing was detected in the control group, anastomotic healing was better in the IPC group than that in the non-IPC group. In terms of anastomotic bursting pressure, plasma MDA, serum catalase activity, and tissue nitric oxide levels, the IPC group was superior to the non-IPC group. No significant differences were found between the control and IPC groups, except in the plasma MDA levels. Conclusions: Use of IPC with colon anastomosis had positive effects on wound healing and may serve as a safe method to reduce the adverse effects of ischemia and wound healing in laparoscopic colon operations.