Raffaella Ronchi
University of Milan
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Publication
Featured researches published by Raffaella Ronchi.
Experimental Biology and Medicine | 2008
Anna Caretti; Paola Bianciardi; Raffaella Ronchi; Monica Fantacci; Marco Guazzi; Michele Samaja
Exposure to hypoxia triggers a variety of adverse effects in the brain that arise from metabolic stress and induce neuron apoptosis. Overexpression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is believed to be a major candidate in orchestrating the cell’s defense against stress. To test the impact of HIF-1α on apoptosis during chronic hypoxia in vivo, we examined the protective effect of modulating the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway by sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). Male ICR/CD-1 mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 6/group): normoxic (21% O2), hypoxic (9.5% O2), and hypoxic with sildenafil (1.4-mg/kg intraperitoneal injections daily). At the end of the 8-day treatment period, the mice were euthanized and cerebral cortex biopsies were harvested for analyses. We found that sildenafil: (1) did not significantly alter the hypoxia-induced weight loss and hemoglobin increase, but did augment plasma nitrates+nitrites and the tissue content of cGMP and phosphorylated (P) NO synthase III; (2) reversed the hypoxia-induced neuron apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity and double-staining immunofluorescence, P = 0.009), presumably through increased bcl-2/Bax (P = 0.0005); and (3) did not affect HIF-1α, but rather blunted the hypoxia-induced increase in P-ERK1/2 (P = 0.0002) and P-p38 (P = 0.004). We conclude that upregulating the NO/cGMP pathway by PDE-5 inhibition during hypoxia reduces neuron apoptosis, regardless of HIF-1α, through an interaction involving ERK1/2 and p38.
The Prostate | 2010
Laura Terraneo; Paola Bianciardi; Anna Caretti; Raffaella Ronchi; Michele Samaja
Solid tumors contain underperfused regions where hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) over‐expression induces hypoxia adaptation and cell proliferation. We test the hypothesis that systemic hypoxia promotes prostate cancer growth in vivo and examine HIF‐1α centrality in this effect.
Experimental Biology and Medicine | 2007
Anna Caretti; Sandrine Morel; Giuseppina Milano; Monica Fantacci; Paola Bianciardi; Raffaella Ronchi; Giuseppe Vassalli; Ludwig K. von Segesser; Michele Samaja
To study the in vivo dynamics of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), master regulator of O2-dependent gene expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the hypoxic myocardium, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4 to 6 per group) were exposed to 1-hr hypoxia (10% O2), 23-hr hypoxia, and 23-hr hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation. HIF-1α increased 15-fold after 1-hr hypoxia, remained constant for 23 hrs, and returned to baseline on reoxygenation. Extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were unchanged throughout. Phosphorylated p38 increased 4-fold after 1-hr hypoxia and returned to baseline within 23-hr hypoxia. The activity of stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), measured as phosphorylated c-Jun, increased 3-fold after 1-hr hypoxia and remained sustained afterward. Furthermore, HIF-1α was halved in rats that were administered with the p38 inhibitor SB202190 and made hypoxic for 1 hr. In conclusion, although very sensitive to the reoxygenation, HIF-1α is overexpressed in vivo in the hypoxic myocardium, and its acute induction by hypoxia is correlated with that of p38.
Cancer Research | 2001
Giorgio Minotti; Raffaella Ronchi; Emanuela Salvatorelli; Pierantonio Menna; Gaetano Cairo
European Journal of Applied Physiology | 2007
Marina Marini; Rosa Lapalombella; Vittoria Margonato; Raffaella Ronchi; Michele Samaja; Cristina Scapin; Luisa Gorza; Tullia Maraldi; Paolo Carinci; Carlo Ventura; Arsenio Veicsteinas
Biochemistry | 2002
Gaetano Cairo; Raffaella Ronchi; Stefania Recalcati; Alessandro Campanella; Giorgio Minotti
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 2006
Paola Bianciardi; Monica Fantacci; Anna Caretti; Raffaella Ronchi; Giuseppina Milano; Sandrine Morel; Ludwig K. von Segesser; Michele Samaja
European Journal of Applied Physiology | 2011
Fabio Esposito; Raffaella Ronchi; Giuseppina Milano; Vittoria Margonato; Simona di Tullio; Marina Marini; Arsenio Veicsteinas; Michele Samaja
Life Sciences | 2004
Raffaella Ronchi; Lidia Marano; Paola Braidotti; Paola Bianciardi; M. Calamia; Cesare Fiorentini; Michele Samaja
The FASEB Journal | 2006
Michele Samaja; Paola Bianciardi; Anna Caretti; Monica Fantacci; Raffaella Ronchi; G. Milano