Rafi U Zaman

An Efficient DSDV Routing Protocol for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and its Performance Comparison

One of the popular wireless network architectures is mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which can be deployed easily in almost any environment, without any underlying backbone and infrastructure support. In this paper, an efficient DSDV (Eff-DSDV) protocol is proposed for ad hoc networks. Eff-DSDV overcomes the problem of stale routes, and thereby improves the performance of regular DSDV. The proposed protocol has been implemented in the NCTUns Simulator and performance comparison has been made with regular DSDV and DSR protocols. The performance metrics considered are packet-delivery ratio, end-end delay, dropped packets, routing overhead, route length. It has been found after analysis that the performance of Eff-DSDV is superior to regular DSDV and sometimes better than DSR in certain cases.

Performance Comparison of On-Demand and Table Driven Ad Hoc Routing Protocols Using NCTUns

The main aim of any ad-hoc network routing protocol is to meet the challenges of the dynamically changing topology and establish a correct and an efficient communication path between any two nodes with minimum routing overhead and bandwidth consumption. The design problem of such a routing protocol is not simple since an ad hoc environment introduces new challenges that are not present in fixed networks. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for this purpose like Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Destination- Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). In this paper, we study and compare the performance of the following three routing protocols AODV, DSR and DSDV. NCTUns 4.0 is used to study the relative performance of the routing protocols according to different criteria. The notable point of our analysis is that, it is based on varying number of nodes in the ad hoc network.

Integrating Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and the Internet: challenges and a review of strategies

Over the years, the usefulness of wireless mobile ad hoc networks has been well documented. In the recent times, a lot of effort has gone into the study of the integration of mobile ad hoc networks and the Internet. This paper discusses the challenges of connecting mobile ad hoc networks to the Internet. Next, it reviews the characteristics of ten proposed solutions with their relative merits and de-merits in the light of a few specific parameters. It concludes with a discussion on the suitability of the solutions under different scenarios.

An efficient DSDV routing protocol for MANET and its usefulness for providing Internet access to Ad Hoc Hosts

One of the popular wireless network architectures is mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which can be deployed easily in almost any environment, without any underlying backbone and infrastructure support. The MANET Nodes (Routers and Hosts) can move randomly and re-organize themselves into an arbitrary network. Because of the limited range of each hostpsilas wireless transmission, to communicate with hosts outside its transmission range, a host needs to forward the packets with the help of nearby hosts to the destination. In this paper, an Efficient DSDV (Eff-DSDV) routing protocol is proposed for ad hoc networks. Eff-DSDV overcomes the problem of stale routes, and thereby improves the performance of regular DSDV. The proposed protocol has been implemented in the NCTUns Simulator and performance comparison has been made with regular DSDV protocol using performance metrics packet-delivery ratio, end-end delay, dropped packets, routing overhead, route length by varying the number of nodes in the network and the mobility speed of the ad hoc hosts. It is observed from the simulation results that the performance of Eff-DSDV is superior to regular DSDV with respect to all the said metrics except the routing overhead. The routing overhead is bound to be higher for Eff-DSDV due to the extra route requests and route reply messages which otherwise is not present in regular DSDV. Lastly in the paper, we discuss the usefulness of Eff-DSDV as a routing protocol in the integration of the mobile network and the Internet.

A review of gateway load balancing strategies in Integrated Internet-MANET

Interconnection of wired Internet and wireless mobile ad hoc networks, called Integrated Internet-MANET enables communication between wired and wireless peers. Many strategies exist which provide Internet connectivity to the mobile ad hoc network nodes through one or more Internet gateways. Mobile nodes need to be registered with an Internet gateway in order to communicate across the Internet. A key issue in such strategies is to distribute the Internet bound traffic across the Internet gateways evenly. The problem of Internet gateway load balancing has been addressed by researchers in interesting ways. In this paper, we present a review of the gateway load balancing solutions under common parameters. In the second part of the paper, a new gateway load balancing strategy based on a load balanced routing protocol called Modified AODV is proposed and is simulated using the ns-2 simulator.

Path Load Balanced-Fuzzy Logic based Adaptive Gateway Discovery in integrated Internet-MANET

In this paper, we propose a modified form of the hybrid gateway discovery in integrated Internet-MANET. A modified hybrid gateway discovery approach is called an adaptive gateway discovery mechanism. Three issues are considered together in the proposed adaptive gateway discovery: the load balancing in routing of packets, the range, and periodicity of a gateway advertisement message. We address these three issues by making use of existing approaches. Based on simulation studies, we show that our approach gives better results than the existing approach.

Gateway load balancing in integrated internet-MANET using WLB-AODV

The interconnection of wireless mobile ad hoc network with the wired Internet (Integrated Internet-MANET) is facilitated through gateways which act as bridges between the heterogeneous networks. Load balancing of these gateways is a critical issue in Integrated Internet-MANET. Gateway load balancing strategies in the literature make use of traditional routing protocols like AODV and DSDV. In this paper we propose a novel gateway load balancing solution for Integrated Internet-MANET which makes use of a modified version of AODV routing protocol called WLB-ADOV. Simulation studies show that the proposed gateway load balancing mechanism performs better than the existing approaches.

An effective gateway discovery mechanism in an integrated Internet-MANET (IIM)

The Integration of the MANETs and infrastructure networks such as Internet, known as heterogeneous network, extends the network coverage and increases the application domain of the MANET. Communication between a mobile device in an ad hoc network and a fixed device on the Internet is achieved using gateways, which acts as a bridge between them. The ad hoc routing protocol AODV is extended and used to achieve interconnection between a MANET and the Internet. In the existing approaches of gateway discovery either interface queue length or the minimum hop metric criteria or a combination is used for selecting the gateway by the mobile nodes. In the proposed approach, an efficient proactive gateway discovery algorithm is devised that takes into account the length of the routing queue in addition to the minimum hop count metric for selecting an efficient gateway and also selecting the routes to other mobile nodes. This is a novel strategy of gateway discovery. This approach is implemented by calculating the load along a path and updating the routing entry as the route requests are processed from one mobile node to the other. This allows usage of updated routes without waiting for the gateway advertisements for updating the routing entries. It also reduces the delay along the path for the packets traversing within the ad hoc network. The use of this concept increases the throughput by choosing the less congested paths and reduces the routing overhead. In this paper the impact of this new approach is investigated. Simulation results indicate that our protocol outperforms other approaches.

An efficient integrated routing protocol for interconnecting mobile ad hoc networks and the internet

There has been a massive growth in wireless communications in recent years. Access to the Internet via wireless communication devices has become an important issue due to the trend of an all-IP network in the 4G wireless networks. One such wireless technology gaining popularity is Wireless Mobile ad hoc Network, which is an infrastructure-less, autonomous, stand alone and self organizing network. It can be simply and flexibly deployed in almost any environment. However it has limited wireless coverage and limited connectivity. With the integration of MANET routing protocol and IP protocol, Internet connectivity to the MANET nodes can be achieved. Solutions to the integration problem, introduce an intermediate entity with hybrid mechanisms enabling it to connect to two different networks. In this paper, an extended DSDV protocol, named as Efficient DSDV (Eff-DSDV) protocol is used to provide bidirectional connectivity between ad hoc nodes and the hosts in the Infrastructure-based networks like Internet. The proposed framework uses one of the ad hoc hosts known as Mobile Internet Gateway (MIG) to act as a bridge between the two networks. The detailed performance comparison has been made between the proposed approach using Eff-DSDV routing protocol and the existing integration strategies. The simulation results shows that the performance of the proposed strategy using Eff-DSDV is superior to the existing integration strategies.

Path Load Balanced Adaptive Gateway Discovery in Integrated Internet-MANET

An interconnection of mobile ad hoc network and wired Internet is called Integrated Internet-MANET. This interconnection is achieved through gateways. There are two very important issues in Integrated Internet-MANET. First, path load balancing in the communication of mobile nodes with gateways. Second, mobile nodes register with a gateway before communication begins. This registration is achieved through agent advertisement messages. The issue is, for how many hops these gateway advertisement messages must be forwarded. In this paper we propose a gateway discovery algorithm which addresses the above issues. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms the existing approach.