Rahul Bharadwaj

The coefficient of rolling resistance (CoRR) of some pharmaceutical tablets

Experiments have been conducted to measure the coefficient of rolling resistance (CoRR) of some pharmaceutical tablets and several common materials, such as glass beads and steel ball bearings. CoRR values are required as inputs for discrete element method (DEM) models which can be used to model particulate flows and solid dosage form manufacturing processes. Until now there have been no CoRR data reported for pharmaceutical materials, and thus these new data will help to facilitate more accurate modeling of pharmaceutical systems.

The unsteady drag force on a cylinder immersed in a dilute granular flow

This paper presents results from hard-particle discrete element simulations of a two-dimensional dilute stream of particles accelerating past an immersed fixed cylinder. Simulation measurements of the drag force Fd are expressed in terms of a dimensionless drag coefficient, Cd=Fd∕[12ρνU2(D+d)], where ρ is the particle density, ν is the upstream solid fraction, U is the upstream instantaneous velocity, and D and d are the cylinder and particle diameters, respectively. Measurements indicate that the cylinder’s unsteady drag coefficient does not vary significantly from its steady (nonaccelerating) drag coefficient for both frictionless and frictional particles implying that the added mass for the flow is negligible. However, the drag coefficient is larger than its nominal value during an initial transient stage, during which a shock wave develops in front of the cylinder. Once the shock has developed, the drag coefficient remains constant despite the stream’s acceleration. The duration of the shock developme...

An investigation into the kinetic (sliding) friction of some tablets and capsules.

The kinetic (or sliding) friction of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules influences how they will behave during the conveying, coating, and packaging operations that are used for drug product manufacturing. In order to logically design equipment for manufacturing and packaging operations, and to simulate manufacturing and packaging performance (for example, using discrete or finite element modeling approaches), it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of the kinetic friction. In this work, the coefficient of kinetic friction of a range of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules has been measured for the first time using a pin-on-disk tribometer. Binary tablet-tablet contacts and the contacts between tablets or capsules and common equipment surfaces were studied. The range of the friction coefficients was large (between 0.00 and 0.74), and the values depended strongly on the identity of both contacting materials. Tablet-tablet contacts generally exhibited lower friction coefficients than tablet-polymer or tablet-metal contacts. Polymeric surfaces were generally less frictional than metal surfaces, even those that were highly polished. Tablet coatings appeared to have a marked effect on the kinetic friction coefficient between tablets and equipment surfaces, with the hardest coatings tending to be the least frictional. The surface roughness of the tablets and contacting surfaces did not contribute to the coefficient of kinetic friction in a consistent manner. The implications of the results for the design of conveying, processing and packaging operations are discussed.