Raju Dutta

Low-Energy Adaptive Unequal Clustering Protocol Using Fuzzy c-Means in Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering technique in wireless sensor networks incorporate proper utilization of the limited energy resources of the deployed sensor nodes with the highest residual energy that can be used to gather data and send the information. However, the problem of unbalanced energy consumption exists in a particular cluster node in the network. Some more powerful nodes act as cluster head to control sensor network operation when the network is organized into heterogeneous clusters. It is important to assume that energy consumption of these cluster head nodes is balanced. Often the network is organized into clusters of equal size where cluster head nodes bear unequal loads. Instead in this paper, we proposed a new protocol low-energy adaptive unequal clustering protocol using Fuzzy c-means in wireless sensor networks (LAUCF), an unequal clustering size model for the organization of network based on Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm, which can lead to more uniform energy dissipation among the cluster head nodes, thus increasing network lifetime. A heuristic comparison between our proposed protocol LAUCF and other different energy-aware protocol including low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) has been carried out. Simulation result shows that our proposed heterogeneous clustering approach using FCM protocol is more effective in prolonging the network lifetime compared with LEACH and other protocol for long run.

Energy efficient modified SPIN protocol with high security in Wireless Sensor Networks using TOSSIM

Sensor nodes are very important attribute in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), due to communication over wireless links but it has some constrains i.e. limited transmission range, processing, storage capacity and energy. To get secure communication under these circumstances SPIN protocol incorporated data security for transferring data safely to the destination. To overcome the problem of SPIN protocol such as blind forward and data inaccessible, in this paper, we propose and design modified SPIN routing protocol to save energy and give secure transmission to minimize overhead with data delivery guarantees. Our goal is to find an optimal path and efficient implementation of protocol for data negotiation, set up route and finally transfer data to specific nodes. Our novelty in this paper is more secure data transmission than SPIN. The simulations have been carried out by new operating system TOSSIM to compare data transfer rate with communication security and lifetime of networks.

Intelligent Paging Based Mobile User Tracking Using Fuzzy Logic

In general, a mobile user travels in a predefined path that depends mostly on the user’s characteristics. Thus, tracking the locations of a mobile user is one of the challenges for location management. In this paper, we introduce a movement pattern learning strategy system to track the user’s movements using adaptive fuzzy logic. Our fuzzy inference system extracts patterns from the historical data record of the cell numbers along with the date and time stamp of the users occupying the cell. Implementation of this strategy has been evaluated with the real time user data which proves the efficiency and accuracy of the model. This mechanism not only reduces user location tracking costs, but also significantly decreases the call‐loss rates and average paging delays.

Improvement on Gossip Routing Protocol using TOSSIM in Wireless Sensor Networks

Multicast routing protocols in the networks are inefficient to handle high priority traffic, network congestion, excessive processing of control information and retransmission procedures. Gossiping routing protocol is suitable and controlled form of reducing the overhead of routing protocols for forwarding a message. Gossiping protocol is characterized by each node randomly choosing to exchange information with another node. Modified Gossip has been considered as a scalable broadcast solution, considering destination node in wireless network. In this paper, we analyse Gossiping protocol and compare the performance of Gossiping and Modified Gossiping protocol, using new operating system TOSSIM, is a widely used operating system for modern wireless sensors. The protocols are simulated by TOSSIM and comparison results between the protocols are shown by different graphs

The simulation and analysis of modified LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks using TOSSIM

The most important routing protocol LEACH of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been incorporated by W. Heinzelman. LEACH uses the concept of dynamic clustering when sensor nodes are deploying randomly. Therefore the number of cluster impact on the network. This paper describes the network quality that depends on the optimum selection of number of clusterhead in Modified LEACH protocol using new simulator TOSSIM. hi this paper we discussed and explain the comparison of data packet broadcasting, energy consumption and dead node of LEACH and Modified LEACH respectively. Simulation result shows Modified LEACH performs better than LEACH for extending overall network performances.

The Simulation and Analysis of Modified LEACH Protocol using TOSSIM in Wireless Sensor Networks

The most important routing protocol LEACH of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been incorporated by W. Heinzelman. LEACH uses the concept of dynamic clustering when sensor nodes are deploying randomly where number of cluster impact on the network. This paper describes the network quality that depends on the optimum selection of number of clusterhead as a Modification on LEACH protocol using new operating system TOSSIM. In this paper we discussed and explain the comparison of data packet broadcasting, energy consumption and dead node of LEACH and Modified LEACH respectively. Simulation result shows Modified LEACH performs better than LEACH for extending overall network performances.

Energy-Aware Chaotic Communication in Wireless Sensor Network

A challenging task in wireless sensor network (WSN) is to deliver authentic data between source nodes and sink nodes. The collision or dead lock occurs when two or more close nodes are attempted to send data at the same time to the others node. To avoid such dead lock situation in the network we propose a nonlinear mathematical model. The effect of nonlinearity often renders a periodic solution unstable for certain parametric choices even a very small change in initial conditions can lead to different result in chaotic systems which appears to exhibit chaos for a range of parametric values when long time behavior studied. The local stability conditions for the system have been discussed and analyzed. Numerically simulations have been carried out to study the complex behavior of the system for reasonable ranges of parameters in WSN.

Mathematical modelling of packet transmission through cluster head from unequal clusters in WSN

The network lifetime always a critical issue in sensor networks because the sensor nodes are characterized by restricted and non-replaceable energy supply. Thus maximizing lifetime of network by minimizing energy consumption poses a challenge in design of protocols. Therefore, proper organization of clustering and orientation of nodes within the cluster becomes one of the important issue to extend the lifetime of the whole sensor network through cluster head. We investigate the problem of energy consumption in ClusterHead (CH) rotation (i.e. re- clustering) in wireless sensor networks. The selection criteria of the CH are based on the residual energy of nodes within the clusters and minimum average distance from the Base Station. The total energy in delivering a packet from the sensor node to other nodes has been mathematically derived. Moreover, the expected number of packet retransmissions and the effect of it on the network is also discussed in our proposed energy model. In this paper we applied the approach for producing energy-aware unequal clusters with optimal selection of cluster head and discussed several aspects of the network mathematically and statistically. This work presents an analysis of its design and implementation aspects. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach of re-clustering in terms of energy consumption and lifetime parameters.

Generalize 3D model of energy consumption for deploying nodes in Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provide network access for mobile users. Therefore, most traffic flows in WSNs are to and from the sensor node and base station of the networks without wired connection. Power consumption is one of the most important issue in the sensor network. Energy constraints have a significant impact on the design and operation of wireless sensor networks. This paper describes a mathematical model for the power consumption of mobile node in wireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor network having multiple BSs (data sink nodes)and mobile nodes are considered. Each source node must send all its locally generated data to the other nodes and vice -versa. To maximize mobile nodes lifetime, it is essential to have optimum monitored region and radio range of each source node of WSNs. To find an optimal solution a mathematical model, which is proposed for optimal power consumption in terms of ratio of whole energy of sensor nodes to energy consumption speed of sensor nodes in any area should be constant. Through extensive simulation of the model we achieved the results of the model which is shown below and implies that this model has excellent performance and provides a near-optimal solution.

Energy aware modified PEGASIS through packet transmission in wireless sensor network

Network lifetime is the prime factor in wireless sensor networks which consists nodes with limited energy. Gathering information efficiently in critical situation in sensor network for a long period of time is required efficient protocols. The LEACH (Lower-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) protocols are perfect solutions to this problem which minimize the overall energy dissipation by the nodes in the network. The LEACH protocol randomizes cluster heads for achieve equal energy dissemination, whereas the PEGASIS protocol forms a chain of cluster heads taking rounds in transmitting to the base station. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient protocol which enhances the performance of PEGASIS. In Modified PEGASIS, each node communicates only with a close neighbor node with minimum distance and transmits data to the base station, thus reducing the amount of energy spent per round. For this protocol it will combine few parameters such as Distance and Residual Energy for each node. The proposed system will increase the overall communication and increase the network life. Simulation results show that Modified PEGASIS performs better than PEGASIS, LEACH-C, and LEACH.