Raju Prasad

Analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta resin in experimental animals.

Aim: Shorea robusta (Sal), an important traditional Indian medicinal plant used in various ailments and rituals and the indigenous use of the resin of this plant as a medicament for treatment of various inflammatory conditions is well documented in literature. In the present study, ethanolic extract of S. robusta resin (SRE) was evaluated for its analgesic activity by making use of different central and peripheral pain models. Materials and Methods: The analgesic activity of SRE was assessed by employing different pain models such as, i) hot plate and tail flick tests for central analgesia, ii) acetic acid- induced writhing (peripheral analgesic model), iii) formalin-induced hind paw licking (both central and peripheral model), iv) carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia (peripheral analgesic model) and v) post-surgical pain (peripheral analgesic model). Results: The extract produced significant central and peripheral analgesic effects, as is evident from increase in reaction time in hot plate and tail flick tests, inhibition in writhing counts in acetic acid-induced writhing test, inhibition of licking time in formalin-induced hind paw licking, increased pain threshold in paw withdrawal latency in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and increased paw withdrawal threshold in post-surgical pain. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate marked antinociceptive effects of SRE.

Topical application of substance P promotes wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Substance P (SP) is known to stimulate angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and expressions of cytokines and growth factors involved in wound healing. However, SP level reduces in dermis in diabetics and, hence, it was hypothesized that exogenously applied SP could be helpful in improving wound healing in diabetic rats. Excision skin wound was created on the back of diabetic rats and rats were divided into three groups i.e. (i) saline-, (ii) gel- and (iii) SP-treated. Normal saline, pluronic gel and SP (10(-6)M) in gel were topically applied once daily for 19days. SP treatment significantly increased the wound closure, levels of interleukin-10, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas it significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the granulation/healing tissue. The inflammatory cells were present for long time in normal saline-treated group. Histological evaluation revealed better extracellular matrix formation with marked fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in SP-treated group. Early epithelial layer formation, increased microvessel density and greater growth associated protein-43 positive nerve fibers were also evidenced in SP-treated group. In conclusion, SP treatment markedly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

Wound healing activity of carbon monoxide liberated from CO-releasing molecule (CO-RM).

Wound microenvironment presents widespread oxidant stress, inflammation, and onslaught of apoptosis. Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts pleiotropic cellular effects by modulating intracellular signaling pathways which translate into cellular protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) deliver CO in a controlled manner without altering carboxyhemoglobin levels. This study observed a potential therapeutic value of CO in the wound healing by using tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CO-releasing molecule (CO-RM)-2), as one of the novel CO-releasing agent. The effect of CO-RM-2 treatment was studied on wound contraction, glucosamine, hydroxyproline levels, and mRNA of cytokines/adhesion molecule in rats using a full-thickness cutaneous wound model and angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. CO-RM-2 treatment increased cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis as evidenced by the increase in wound contraction and hydroxyproline and glucosamine contents. The mRNA expression of cytokines endorsed fast healing, as was indicated by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and cytokine TNF-α and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. An ELISA assay of IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines revealed pro-healing modulation in excision wound by CO-RM-2 treatment. CO-RM significantly promoted the angiogenesis as compared to the iCO-RM group in vitro in CAM model demonstrating pro-angiogenic effects of CO-RM-2 in wound healing process. These results indicate that CO-RM-2 may have a potential application in the management of recalcitrant/obstinate wounds wherein, active wound healing is desired. This study also opens up a new area of research for the synthesis of novel CO-releasing molecules to be used for such purposes.

Efficacy of Clerodendrum infortunatum on Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com The Clerodendrum infortunatiom Linn (CI) is one of the most important medicinal plant containing different properties like anti-inflammatory activities, anti-microbial activities, wound healing, promotes neo-vascularisation, and reduces oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of hydro-alcoholic (70% ethanol) leaves extract of C. infortunatum Linn as 4 % ointment in cutaneous wound model in diabetic rats. Open excision wounds of 2×2 cm 2 were experimentally created on the interscapular region of dorsal aspect of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to evaluate the time dependent (days 3, 7 and 15) wound healing effects of C. infortunatum ointment (4%). Thirty six acclimatized healthy Wistar rats (120-150g) were procured from LARS, IVRI, Izatnagar (U.P.), India divided into two groups namely control and treated consisting of 18 rats each and further divided into three sub group (n=6). The ointment base (90% soft paraffin, 5% hard paraffin, 5% lanolin) and 4% ointment in ethanolic extract of CI was applied twice daily on wound area in control and treated rats respectively. The % wound contraction, oxidative stress related parameter (SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO), hydroxyproline content and histopathology were estimated. The significantly higher (p<0.001) % wound contraction was found in treated group on day 7 and 15 as compared to control. The levels of SOD, Catalase and GSH in the diabetic treated group were significantly increased and level of MDA was significantly reduced on days 3, 7 and 15 as compared to control group. H & E stained tissue sections of treated wound showed marked proliferation of fibroblasts, more collagen deposition, well-formed capillaries, more granulation tissue covered with newly formed epithelial layer as compared to control sections. In conclusion, treatment of C. infortunatum ointment (4%) showed faster and organized healing of cutaneous wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. K e y w o r d s C. infortunatum, Ointment, Oxidative stress, Wound healing, Rat Accepted: 17 January 2018