Raquel Duarte Moreira Alves

Intervenção nutricional sobre medidas antropométricas e glicemia de jejum de pacientes diabéticos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o alcance das atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de atendimento nutricional, promovido pela Universidade Federal de Vicosa (MG), sobre a glicemia de jejum, medidas antropometricas e de composicao corporal de individuos diabeticos. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, no qual pacientes diabeticos, recrutados do Projeto de Atendimento Nutricional a Diabeticos da Terceira Idade, da Universidade Federal de Vicosa, participaram de reunioes quinzenais, nas quais foram abordados temas relativos a ingestao de dietas saudaveis, e receberam atendimento nutricional individualizado. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicacao de um roteiro clinico-nutricional, a 42 pacientes, contendo informacoes pessoais e itens referentes a: historia clinica, inquerito dietetico, dados antropometricos, de composicao corporal e bioquimicos. Analisaram-se o peso, o indice de massa corporal, a circunferencia da cintura, o percentual de gordura corporal e a glicemia de jejum antes de qualquer intervencao e apos seis meses de acompanhamento. As analises estatisticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versao 12.5. O criterio de significância estatistica adotado foi p<0,05. As analises, antes e depois do periodo de intervencao, foram realizadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Observou-se reducao estatisticamente significante dos valores medianos do indice de massa corporal (p=0,032 e 0,022), da circunferencia da cintura (p=0,036 e 0,03) e do percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,045 e 0,039) dos voluntarios dos sexos masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Tambem foi observada reducao estatisticamente significante na glicemia de jejum (p=0,035), apesar de o valor mediano deste parâmetro ainda ter permanecido acima das recomendacoes. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados indicam que a terapia nutricional parece ter contribuido para a melhoria na adequacao das medidas antropometricas e bioquimicas dos participantes, embora seja necessaria a adesao ao tratamento proposto por um maior periodo de tempo, para que tais alteracoes se tornem ainda mais evidentes.

Regular intake of high-oleic peanuts improves fat oxidation and body composition in overweight/obese men pursuing a energy-restricted diet

Evaluate the effect of high‐oleic and conventional peanuts within a hypocaloric‐diet on energy metabolism and body composition.

Agreement between Different Methods and Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Men

Predictive equations and methods tend to overestimate or underestimate resting energy expenditure (REE) compared with indirect calorimetry (IC). This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the agreement between methods and equations for REE estimation of overweight and obese Brazilian men. Data from 48 healthy volunteers, ages 20 to 43 years and with body mass index ranging from 26.4 to 35.2, were collected between October 2008 and October 2009. REE was measured by IC, using Deltatrac (IC1) and KORR-MetaCheck (IC2) devices. It was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using tetrapolar (BIA1) and bipolar (BIA2) devices, and by the equations of Mifflin, World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University, Fleisch, Horie-Waitzberg and Gonzalez, and Ireton-Jones. The association and agreement among the methods and equations were assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman analysis, and by the percentage of the difference between values obtained from the standard method and alternative methods and equations. Most methods showed high agreement with IC1. The highest agreements were found for Mifflin (-2.14%), Fleisch (-3.05%), Horie-Waitzberg and Gonzalez (4.41%), and BIA2 (5.25%). Similar results were shown by the Bland-Altman analyses. BIA2, followed by BIA1, Ireton-Jones, Mifflin, and Fleisch, showed the highest association with IC1. Thus, the Mifflin, Fleisch, Horie-Waitzberg and Gonzalez equations, and BIA2, were the most accurate methods for REE estimation in this study. However, because those equations have shown considerable variability, they should be used cautiously. In addition, the IC2 was not found to be an accurate method for REE estimation in overweight and obese men included in this study.

High-oleic peanuts: new perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity.

To evaluate the effects of acute and daily consumption of high‐oleic peanuts (HOP) on inflammation and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men.

Effect of a high-fat meal containing conventional or high-oleic peanuts on post-prandial lipopolysaccharide concentrations in overweight/obese men.

BACKGROUND An increased plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration may favour metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. The meal composition influences plasma LPS concentrations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the acute consumption of a high-fat meal (49% of energy from fat) containing conventional or high-oleic peanuts on post-prandial LPS concentrations and its relationship with lipaemia and insulinaemia in overweight and obese men. METHODS The test meal consisted of a shake containing conventional peanuts (CVP; n = 21), high-oleic peanuts (HOP; n = 23) or a control biscuit (CT; n = 21). Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 1, 2 and 3 h post-prandially. LPS, insulin, lipids and glucose concentrations were assessed. RESULTS LPS concentrations were lower in CVP [mean (SE) 0.7 (0.5) EU mL(-1) ] and HOP [1.0 (0.9) EU mL(-1) ] groups compared to CT [1.6 (1.2) EU mL(-1) ] at 3 h post-prandially. Triacylglycerol and insulin concentrations increased in all groups. Triacylglycerol started to increase only after 2 h in the CVP and HOP groups. LPS correlated positively with triacylglycerol. Insulin returned to basal concentrations at 3 h only in the CVP and HOP groups. CONCLUSIONS The acute consumption of peanuts delayed the increase in serum triacylglycerol and favoured the quicker return of insulin to basal concentrations, especially in the CVP group. Our results suggest that the consumption of conventional or high-oleic peanuts may help to reduce the risk of endotoxaemia and metabolic disorders.

Orange juice with a high-fat meal prolongs postprandial lipemia in apparently healthy overweight/obese women.

Objective We investigated the postprandial response of lipid markers to a high-fat meal (HFM) with two different beverages in apparently healthy normal-weight and overweight/obese women. Subjects and methods This crossover, randomized study enrolled 36 women, of whom 21 had normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and 15 had overweight/obesity (BMI 31 ± 3.7 kg/m2). In two different test days, the participants ingested a HFM (37% of energy as saturated fat) with 500 mL of water (HFM-W) or 500 mL of orange juice (HFM-OJ). Blood samples were collected at baseline (12-hour fasting), and at 2, 3, and 5 hours postprandial. The analysis included fasting and postprandial total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides (TG), uric acid, and complement C3. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC); Primary Identification Number: RBR-2h3wjn (www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br). Results TG levels increased at 3 hours with HFM-OJ in normal-weight women (p = 0.01) and returned to normal levels at 5h. TG increased at 3 hours with HFM-W (p = 0.01) and HFM-OJ (p = 0.02), and remained high at 5 hours (p = 0.03) in overweight/obese women. Complement C3 remained unchanged, but showed different responses between meals (p = 0.01 for positive incremental area under the curve [piAUC] HFM-OJ vs. HFM-W, respectively). Conclusions In apparently healthy overweight/obese women compared with normal-weight ones, the concomitant intake of orange juice with a HFM prolonged postprandial lipemia but had no effect on postprandial complement C3 concentrations.