Raquel Kohen

Children’s and adolescents’ thoughts on pollution: cognitive abilities required to understand environmental systems

Pollution phenomena are complex systems in which different parts are integrated by means of causal and temporal relationships. To understand pollution, children must develop some cognitive abilities related to system thinking and temporal and causal inferential reasoning. These cognitive abilities constrain and guide how children understand pollution processes. Hence, ascertaining whether changes among children’s ideas of pollution are related to system thinking and inferential reasoning abilities could be useful in improving environmental education. Eighty participants between 9 and 16 years old were interviewed to evaluate how children explain different aspects of pollution-related systems. From the explanations found in these interviews, three progressive epistemic structures were reconstructed. The three epistemic structures differ in the type of causal and temporal relationship established by the participants and in the mechanisms that the participants used to relate the pollutant to its effects.

Lo bello es difícil

Resumen Tratar de definir lo bello, como ya constatara Platón en el Hippias Mayor, es una tarea realmente compleja. La pregunta que se plantea aquí es si la belleza está en el ojo del observador o si ésta proviene de la naturaleza de las cosas. Se sugiere que la psicología puede contribuir a comprender los fenómenos estéticos estableciendo una serie de comparaciones con otros fenómenos psicológicos. Entre ellos, la relación entre la experiencia estética, la vida emocional y el placer como nexo entre la apreciación estética y el juego. Asimismo, se propone que el análisis de la moral y el establecimiento de valores pueden arrojar alguna luz sobre los fenómenos estéticos.

From democratic school to civic and political participation / De la escuela democrática a la participación política y ciudadana

Abstract The aim of this article is to study the possible influence that exercising a representative role at school may have on secondary school students’ willingness to participate politically in society. In order to do this, an analysis was carried out of the answers given by 300 students between 13 and 18 years old, from a school with marked democratic practices, when asked about their experience of democracy at school and their intention to participate politically. The results show that students’ willingness to participate in society by means of conventional actions, such as voting, does not depend directly on whether they have exercised a representative role at school. However, non-conventional actions, such as attending demonstrations or supporting boycotts, does have a meaningful relation with the exercise of representative roles in the school. As a conclusion, we highlight that participating in the representation of the school influences the democratic formation of students and their willingness to participate politically in society, although this influence is more closely related to non-conventional actions, such as strikes, boycotts and demonstrations.