Raquel Ruppenthal

O SISTEMA RESPIRATÓRIO NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS DAS SÉRIES INICIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DO CONTEÚDO, DAS IMAGENS E ATIVIDADES

This work intends to analyze textbooks from the initial years for possible causes of the explanatory gaps that students have in their final grades of the respiratory system. To achieve this, we analyzed the space, concepts, images, practical activities and exercises in the units proposed for the respiratory system in science books within the initial years. The results of this analysis indicate the existence of failures in explanatory texts and images and a large quantity of decorative images, which can compromise the learning of concepts. Positive changes were noted in the books of PNLD 2010, but their use should be made with critical common sense by the teachers.

Presence of multiple acid phosphatases activity in seedlings of cucumber, radish and rocket salad

Acid phosphatases (3.1.3.2) are a group of enzymes widely distributed in nature, which catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of phosphate esters in the pH range of 4-6. We confirmed the presence of acid phosphatases in seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), radish (Raphanus sativus) and rocket salad (Eruca vesicaria) under different assay conditions using a rapid and simple preparation. The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature used for all species were close to 5.5 and 35°C, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by molybdate, fluoride, azide, levamisole, orthovanadate, Zn2+ and Cu2+. Suramin had no effect on enzyme activity. The acid phosphatase from cucumber, radish and rocket salad hydrolyzed a wide variety of phosphate esters and the highest activity was observed with PPi, ATP and GTP. These results demonstrate that the enzyme investigated in this study is different from well known ester phosphate cleaving plant enzymes (apyrase and inorganic pyrophosphatases) and this preparation could be a useful tool to future toxicological studies and to study initially all isoforms of acid phosphatase.

INTERVENTION WITH TEACHING MODELS IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS ABOUT THE HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TRAINING OF GRADUATES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

This research consists in analyzing the pedagogical potential of three-dimensional teaching models, which were used in lessons of Human Embryology with a class of graduate students in Biological Sciences at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. Such intervention was conducted after theoretical and microscopy’s classes related to early human embryogenesis. For data collection, an illustrated test with closed and semi-structured questions was applied at three different times: before classes of Human Embryology (pretest), after the theoretical and microscopy’s classes (post-theory test) and after classes with embryological models (post-intervention test). The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This analysis showed that the sample performance in post-intervention test was considerably higher than in earlier applications. It is considered therefore that the intervention using models contributed significantly to the process of teaching and learning related to human embryonic development, which contributed to the sample to obtain a better appropriation of that knowledge. In this sense, it is remarkable the importance of building and/or using such resources in initial and continuing teacher training, to allow such tools to be effectively used in different levels of teaching of science.

A capacidade de resolver problemas: um estudo-piloto sobre a adequação de um teste de desempenho na resolução de problemas

Neste trabalho, realiza-se uma revisao sobre as habilidades necessarias para a resolucao de problemas, bem como de testes que permitem avaliar a capacidade de resolucao de situacoes-problema por estudantes. Para tal, aplicou-se um teste adaptado de Garcia Garcia & Renteria Rodriguez (2012) com estudantes do 8° e 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola publica de Ibiruba- RS. A partir desse teste-pilotoconstatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes apresenta baixa capacidade para resolver problemas, sendo que os mesmos apresentam dificuldades em fatores como Predicao e transferencia, Capacidade de sintese e de Analise, principalmente. Observou-se que o teste necessita o acrescimo de um glossario nas questoes que apresentam palavras mais complexas, a fim de que possa ser utilizado novamente.