Raul Castro Carriello Rosa

Influência dos estádios de maturação sobre as características físicas dos frutos de maracujá-amarelo

The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of maturation stage on physical characteristics of yellow passion fruits, in order to indicate the best moment for harvesting in the Fluminense North area. The samplings were accomplished in 52 days after anthesis (DAA), before the first changes of color of the peel has been observed, following in intervals of 54, 56, 58, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 76, 83 and 100 DAA. In the last harvest day the marked fruits had suffered abscission during the night. During fruits ripening occurred a progressive increase of Hunter L and b parameters where the inferior area of the fruit presented higher brightness and yellowing index than the superior. The fruits reduced the thickness of the peel until the moment of the color change (64 DAA), with inversely proportional increase of juice yield in this period, taking values higher than 33% which is appropriate for industrialization. It was observed a trend of increase in juice yield to 40% in the fruits with approximately 30% of yellow color peel (68 DAA).

CAPACIDADE DE OXIDAÇÃO COMO ÍNDICE DE ESTABILIDADE DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DE SEDIMENTOS DE ACORDO COM GRADIENTE FLUVIAL-ESTUARINO DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL

The hummus composition and it redox properties have been used to evaluate the organic matter quality from natural systems. The objectives of this study were the fractionation of the organic matter and the determination of the oxidation capacity of humic acids to evaluate the organic matter quality of sediments from a gradient fluvial-estuarine in the Brazilian Southeast. The carbon/nitrogen and humic acid/fulvic acid relationships of the organic matter and of the oxidation capacity of humic acids were positively correlated and followed the order: estuarine bordered mangroves ≅ fluvial bordered urban center and pasture > estuarine bordered pasture ≅ marine.

Diferimento de pastos de Brachiaria decumbens adubados com nitrogênio no início e no final do período das águas

The objective of this research was to evaluate the forage dry matter yield and its morphological components, height and pasture falling index, bulk density and forage nutritional value in Brachiaria decumbens pastures deferred for 95 days under four strategies of nitrogen fertilization. It was studied four strategies of nitrogen application at the beginning and at the end of the rainy season, respectively (0-0, 100-0, 50-50, 0-100 kg N/ha) evaluated in three vertical strata at every 20 cm in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Pastures fertilized with 100 kg N at the end of the rainy season showed greater weights of total forage dry matter, leaf blade and green stem as well as height, extended height and total forage bulk density, leaf blade and green stem in all strata studied. Falling indexes were greater for pastures fertilized at the end of the rainy season (0-100 and 50-50). The percentage of neutral detergent fiber were lower in stratum A (40 cm above ground), and contents of crude protein (CP) were greater in all strata for the treatments 0-100 and 50-50. Although fertilization with 100 kg N at the end of the rainy season allows an increase in the mass of total forage and leaf blades and improvement in the quality of this forage, greater density of stems in the upper strata and the high falling index can characterize difficulties in forage selection and reduction in intake and animal performance.

ADUBAÇÃO N-K NO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘BRS IMPERIAL’ - I - EFEITO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E NA FLORAÇÃO DA PLANTA

The ‘BRS Imperial’ pineapple is a resistant cultivar to Fusarium, with leaves without thorns, but it requires a specific technical information for its management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of N and K2O on vegetative growth, flowering and in the attributes of ‘D’ leaf development of ‘BRS Imperial’ pineapple, in order to determinate the plant parameters to induce artificial flowering. In a complete randomized block design with five replications, we tested four N (0, 160, 320, 550 kg ha-1) and four K2O (0, 240, 480 and 600 kg ha-1) levels, in a complete factorial 4 x 4. Potassium fertilization positively influenced in fresh mass and plant length, as well as the number of slip per plant; while the nitrogen fertilization influenced the leaf emergence and fresh mass of slip. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the artificially induced flowering, while potassium increased the flowering rate. The maximum mass of the ‘D’ leaf was estimated at 56 g, in the dose of 364 kg N ha-1 and higher dose of potassium fertilizer (600 kg ha-1 K2O). The mass of ‘D’ leaf showed the best correlation with fruit mass and estimated the minimum mass of 44 g to obtain 900 g of fruit, the minimum mass required by the market for sale.

ADUBAÇÃO N-K NO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘BRS IMPERIAL’ – II EFEITO NO SOLO, NA NUTRIÇÃO DA PLANTA E NA PRODUÇÃO

^a O abacaxizeiro ‘BRS Imperial’ e uma cultivar resistente a fusariose, apresenta frutos saborosos, mas ainda e pouco conhecido dos fruticultores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de N e K nas caracteristicas quimicas do solo, nos teores foliares de nutrientes e nas variaveis de producao de um cultivo de ‘BRS Imperial’. O experimento foi instalado no espacamento 0,90 x 0,40 x 0,40 m, com quatro doses de N (0; 160; 320 e 550 kg ha-1) e quatro de K2O (0; 240; 480 e 600 kg ha-1), em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repeticoes, em fatorial completo 4 x 4. Foram realizadas analises quimicas das folhas e do solo, e mensuradas as variaveis de producao. O cultivo do abacaxizeiro sem N e K ou apenas com adubacao nitrogenada resultaram em menores indices de pH, K+, Ca e 2+Mg2+ no solo, no final do ciclo de cultivo, em relacao aos teores iniciais. Mesmo na maior dose de K aplicada, o teor deste nutriente no solo ficou baixo. Os teores foliares de N e K estimados, nas doses maximas testadas, foram 12,8 e 31,8 g kg-1, respectivamente. As variaveis de colheita mostraram significância para as doses de N em todas as avaliacoes, enquanto as doses de K2O influenciaram apenas na relacao comprimento/diâmetro do fruto. Pela analise de regressao, as doses de N mostraram efeito quadratico na massa dos frutos com coroa, a qual se apresentou com 1.086 g na dose maxima fisica de 365 kg ha-1 e produtividade estimada de 42 t ha-1.^lpt^a^len

Fruit quality and production of yellow and sweet Passion fruits in northern state of São Paulo.

Avaliaram-se producao e qualidade de frutos de maracujazeiros-amarelos e doces na regiao norte do Estado de Sao Paulo, incluindo-se as cultivares FB200 Yellow Master, Isla Redondo Amarelo, BRS Rubi do Cerrado, BRS Sol do Cerrado e BRS Gigante Amarelo, os hibridos intraespecificos de maracujazeiro-amarelo GP09-02, GP09-03, H09-09, H09-14, HFOP- 08 e HFOP-09, e duas selecoes de maracujazeiro-doce, BGP DG e BGP DP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 13 tratamentos, cinco repeticoes e tres plantas na parcela. O maracujazeiro-doce BGP DG foi selecionado para mercado de frutas frescas, em funcao da elevada produtividade (52,7 t ha-1) e da maior massa e tamanho de fruto (243 g). Entre os maracujazeiros-amarelos, o hibrido GP09-02 destacou-se pelo maior numero acumulado de frutos por planta, em dois anos de cultivo, embora GP09-02, H09-09, BRS Sol do Cerrado, Isla Redondo Amarelo e FB200 tenham apresentado maior rendimento de suco, em media 32,3%, e produtividade acumulada por area semelhante. Todos os frutos apresentaram elevada concentracao de solidos soluveis, maior nos maracujas-doces (20,0 °Brix) em relacao aos amarelos (media de 14,28 °Brix). Essas cultivares, hibridos e selecoes apresentam potencial de cultivo no norte do Estado de Sao Paulo e em regioes com condicoes edafoclimaticas similares.

Aspectos produtivos e sanitários do rebanho leiteiro nas propriedades do sudoeste da Bahia

Milk is a food of great nutritional importance. In addition, the dairy can be highlighted by the economic and social development that promotes in the rural properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize milk production and animal health management of properties in the dairy region of the southwestern region of Bahia. The methodology proposed is made by applying a questionnaire with objective questions, using a sample of 94 producers participating in the research that provide milk for dairy cooperatives and dairy in the region registered in the preliminary farm diagnosis in program Geraleite. The data obtained are important to know and to compare the profile of dairy farms in this region, 54.7% of producers did not take husbandry notes and 64.9% did not take notes related to the economics. Of the respondents 82% make one milking and 18% two milkings per day in properties, the natural mating uncontrolled was the reproductive management more used. The average milk production on farms was 1125 liters of milk /cow/year and 3.1 liters/cow/day. This low productivity is due mainly to technological deficiency, non specialized animals and lack of technical assistance in the farms.

Propriedades redox da matéria orgânica isolada de material ultrafiltrado das águas do rio Paraíba do Sul

Previous studies indicated that free radicals control organic matter redox activities. In the present study, organic matter of an ultra-filtrated material collected from seven samples taken seasonally from the Paraiba do Sul River for two years were titrated with an oxidizer (I2) in an inert atmosphere. Standard formal potential values for the electrode MOOx, MORed ranged from 0.754 to 0.786 V at a 25 oC temperature. Organic matter oxidation capacity (COx) per carbon mass varied according to pH values, and changes in COx were related to rainfall and river flow intensities.