Raymond R. Gervais

Ajustement structurel et lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique. La Banque mondiale face à la critique

L’ajustement, on le sait, vise à rendre les économies plus compétitives et à relancer la croissance notamment par le rétablissement des équilibres macroéconomiques et budgétaire. La lutte contre la pauvreté mise, elle, sur l’amélioration des conditions de vie des pauvres en investissant dans la satisfaction des besoins primaires (santé, éducation, alimentation, etc.). Les pays qui subissent la médecine de choc représentent les programmes d ‘ajustement structurel évoluent à travers des conditions fort différentes (potentiel économique, niveau de corruption, conflits armés, etc.) mais se retrouvent tous, peu ou prou, dans la même situation de paupérisation continue. La Banque mondiale peut-elle prétendre lutter contre la pauvreté par l’ajustement structurel ? C’est pourtant ce qu’elle fait depuis le début des années 1990.

Contending issues in African development : advances, challenges, and the future

Introduction Conflicts and Convergence in African Development Thinking by Obioma M. Iheduru Bring Back the State: From Instability to Consolidation The Political Economy of State Reconstitution in Africa by Kelechi A. Kalu The Mass Media and Political Stability in Africa: A Utilitarian Theory Approach by Kingsley O. Harbor Africa Between the Meiji Restoration and the Legacy of Ataturk: Comparative Dilemmas of Modernization by Ali A. Mazrui Building Social Capacity: Civil Society, Democratization, and Human Rights Civil Society and Sustainable Development in Eastern and Southern Africa by Julius E. Nyangoro The State and Human Rights in Africa by Julius O. Ihonvbere Democratization In Sub Saharan Africa: Problems, Advances, and Prospects by Harold A. Fisher Prolegomena to an African-Western Ethics and Theory of Rights by Vincent J. Ferrara Political Economy and the Management of Change Towards Democracy and Security in Africa: What Prospects for Sustainable Development of Civil Societies by Timothy M. Shaw and Sandra J. MacClean Nigeria: The Dynamics of Agricultural Policy in a Restructuring Economy by Browne Onuoha Women and Sustainable Development in Africa by April A. Gordon Regional Integration and Sustainable Development Evaluation of the Present State of Economic Integration in Africa: How to Strengthen the African Economic Community by Aguibou Yansane Aguibou West African Regionalism Revisited: Cooperative management of the Gambia and Senegal Water Resources by Nurudeen B. Akinyemi The Politics of Regional Integration and Development in Africa: Issues, Limitations, and Prospects by Aja Akpuru-Aja Conclusion Redefining the African State: Political Capacity in the Post Reform Era by Obioma M. Iheduru Bibliography Index

A dinâmica demográfica de Luanda no contexto do tráfico de escravos do Atlântico Sul, 1781-1844

The objective of this article is two-fold. First, to reconstruct the demographic history of Luanda from 1781 to 1844 by drawing upon a relatively large number of censuses, thereby showing that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the pre-1900 population history of certain areas of the African continent. Second, in the case of this urban centre, the premier port along the whole western coast of Africa for the export of slaves to the Americas, its population history can not be explained solely by factors such as high levels of mortality resulting from drought, famine, and disease, or slave flight. Rather, the demographic dynamics of this slaving port need to be understood within the broader context of the South Atlantic complex, particularly the political economy of its major market, Rio de Janeiro, on the opposite side of the ocean.

La plus riche des colonies pauvres: La Politique monétaire et fiscale de la France au Tchad 1900–1920

ABSTRACTThe aggressive fiscal policy of the military administration of Chad from 1900 to 1920 is analysed. Using archival data on colonial budgets, taxation revenues, and the “Reserve Funds” (“La caisse de reserve”), the article documents considerablefiscal surpluses. Despite policies of currency scarcity—first in the availability of the Thaler, and subsequently, of French currency—Chad over-achieved as a “self-financing” colony. This fiscal policy, accompanied by violence and combined with underinvestment, laid the foundations for the underdevelopment of Chad: The “richest” of Frances poorest colonies.

Adjustment and Agriculture in Africa: Farmers, the State and the World Bank in Guinea

Preface List of Abbreviations and Acronyms List of Tables Map of Guinea Introduction Africa, Agriculture and the World Bank Guineas Agricultural Sector in Historical Perspective The Politics of Reform Implementation Agricultural Performance and Farmer Decision-Making Trade and Marketing of Agricultural Products The Banks Agricultural Project and Policy Strategy The World Bank and Africas Future Prospects Bibliography Index

The French Encounter with Africans. White Response to Blacks, 1530-1880

Table of Contents: Foreword James D. LeSueur Preface Introduction 1. The Impulse ot Inequality 2. The Establishment of Slave Societies 3. The Philosophes and Africa 4. Three Patterns of Interaction: West Indies, France, and Senegal 5. The Issue of Slavery 6. The Rise of Imperialism 7. The Nineteenth Century Confronts Slavery 8. Scientific Racism 9. The Lure of Empire Afterword Notes Index

Historical Dictionary of Niger

Written by one of the foremost authorities on West Africa, the third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Noger provides an updated and easy-to-use single-volume reference for scholars of West Africa and Third World development.