Regiane Lopes de Sales

Effects of peanut processing on body weight and fasting plasma lipids

Peanuts and peanut butter are commonly consumed as a snack, meal component and ingredient in various commercial products. Their consumption is associated with reduced CVD risk and they pose little threat to positive energy balance. However, questions have arisen as to whether product form (e.g. whole nut v. butter) and processing properties (e.g. roasting and adding flavours) may compromise their positive health effects. The present study investigated the effects of peanut form and processing on two CVD risk factors: fasting plasma lipids and body weight. One hundred and eighteen adults (forty-seven males and seventy-one females; age 29.2 (sd 8.4) years; BMI 30.0 (sd 4.5) kg/m2) from Brazil, Ghana and the United States were randomised to consume 56 g of raw unsalted (n 23), roasted unsalted (n 24), roasted salted (n 23) or honey roasted (n 24) peanuts, or peanut butter (n 24) daily for 4 weeks. Peanut form and processing did not differentially affect body weight or fasting plasma lipid responses in the total sample. However, HDL-cholesterol increased significantly at the group level, and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations decreased significantly in individuals classified as having elevated fasting plasma lipids compared with those with normal fasting plasma lipids. These observations suggest that the processing attributes assessed in this trial do not compromise the lipid-lowering effects of peanuts, and do not negatively impact body weight. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of form and processing on other health risk factors.

Effects of peanut oil consumption on appetite and food choice

Objective:Peanut consumption may improve lipid profiles without promoting weight gain. Both properties have been attributed to their high-unsaturated fat content. Mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids reportedly hold stronger satiety value than saturated fats and may help appetite control. This study investigated the effects of chronic peanut oil consumption on appetite and food choice.Research methods and procedures:A total of 129 healthy adults from three countries (Brazil, Ghana and US) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment arms: consumption of peanut oil, olive oil or safflower oil as 30% of individual resting energy expenditure (REE) for 8 weeks or no dietary intervention. Participants received no other dietary guidance. They completed appetite questionnaires eliciting information about hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective consumption during all waking hours for 1 day at weeks 2 and 6 and for 1 or 3 days at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Diet records were completed at weeks 0, 4 and 8.Results:No differences in appetitive ratings were observed over the 8-week trial. There were no significant treatment by time interactions. Total caloric intake was significantly higher at week 8 relative to baseline (F=10.08, P<0.05). The increases for each treatment were: peanut oil=197±114; olive oil=237±121; safflower oil=274±90; control=75±71. Free-feeding intake, an index of dietary compensation, was reduced significantly at weeks 4 and 8 compared to baseline (F=9.08, P<0.00). The declines (compensation scores) were (kcals): peanut oil=−208±105 (46%); olive oil=−235±105 (50%); safflower oil=−186±102 (44%). There were no significant differences across countries in appetite ratings.Discussion:A prior intervention with whole peanuts reported a dietary compensation score of 66% over 8 weeks, this compares to a 46% compensation score observed with peanut oil. Our data suggests that the lipid fraction in peanuts elicits a weak effect on satiety.

Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats.

PURPOSE Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

Mapa de preferência de sorvetes ricos em fibras

Four samples of ice cream were prepared with four different concentrations of granola and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). The concentration of fiber was evaluated using the AOAC method. The acceptance evaluation was conducted by 78 consumers between 15 and 25 years of age. The consumers evaluated the global acceptance of the formulations through the structured 9-point hedonic scale, in a single section, in a monadic form. The experiment was structured by a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance, Tukey test, and to the preference mapping technique for principal component analysis. The control samples and the others with FOS had the better acceptance. The sample containing solely FOS was the closest to the traditional product with little difference from the latter in terms of global acceptance. The granola was statistically different from the traditional product. The fiber concentration analyzed was higher than the one provided by the granola supplier. The fiber concentrations in the ice creams varied from 0,9 to 5,45 g.100 g –1 . The highest

Fish Oil Improves the Lipid Profile and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines in Wistar Rats With Precancerous Colon Lesions

A fatty diet is regarded as one of the most important risk factors related to the etiology of colorectal cancer, and this effect is linked to the quantity and principal types of fatty acids consumed. In this study, the chemopreventive effects of different oils on rats were investigated. Forty Wistar rats received 1,2-dimetilhidrazine (DMH) and were divided into 4 groups fed normal lipid diets to which 4% olive, fish, flaxseed, or soybean oils (control) were added. The group fed with fish oil presented higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid in hepatic tissue and greater levels of linolenic acid and EPA in adipose tissue compared to the other treatments. In the proximal portion of the colon, lower levels of aberrant crypt foci were found in the fish and flaxseed oil groups; however, this behavior was not observed in the middle and distal regions. Via a benchmarking method, the fish oil group showed a greater transforming growth factor β expression and lower interleukin-8 expression in relation to the other treatments. Fish oil in a normal lipid diet demonstrated a limited protective effect on the colonic precancerous mucosa in carcinogen-treated rodents, whereas it had a beneficial effect on inflammatory modulation.

Efeitos dos óleos de amendoim, açafrão e oliva na composição corporal, metabolismo energético, perfil lipídico e ingestão alimentar de indivíduos eutróficos normolipidêmicos

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of peanut, safflower and olive oils on the lipid profile, body composition and satiety of eutrophic, normolipidemic subjects. METHODS: Thirty-two 18 to 50 year-old subjects were recruited and randomly divided into four groups, each with 4 men and 4 women. One group received no treatment and the others received a milk shake for their breakfast, containing an amount of one of the oils (peanut, safflower or olive) equivalent to 30% of their basal energy metabolism, for a period of 8 weeks. The levels of total blood cholesterol and fractions, triacylglycerols, body weight, body composition, basal metabolic rate, dietary induced thermogenesis, satiety and food intake were evaluated on the basal, 4th and 8th weeks. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the lipid profile or satiety, but the safflower oil group showed lower levels of blood lipids. Oil intake, irrespective of its composition, led to an increase in body weight, and olive oil consumption increased the hip circumference. CONCLUSION: Contrary to reports in the literature, the addition of oils to the diet increased body fat deposition, and had no effect on blood lipid profile or satiety. The use of oil to substitute other energetic nutrients of the diet should be investigated in future studies, with a larger number of volunteers and a longer period of intervention.

Utilização de hormônios e antibióticos em produtos alimentícios de origem animal: aspectos gerais e toxicológicos

Objective: To approach the use of hormones and antibiotics in the production of animal origin food, mechanisms of action, toxicity, regulations in Brazil and worldwide and methods for residues detection in food. Data source: For this review, articles were searched using databases indexed in MEDLINE, LILACS, PUBMED and SciELO, using the key words: residues, antibiotics, hormones, meat, milk, eggs, in addition to their translations in Portuguese and Spanish. Data synthesis: We considered publications in the last 10 years, including 28 articles. Conclusions: The consumption of foods containing antibiotics and hormones residues is a problem to be considered, therefore, it is necessary to develop better methods of compounds detection and invest in food inspection