Reiko Iwaoku

Analysis of Waiting Time of Outpatients.

In order to increase our service for outpatients, characteristics of waiting time at pharmacy was investigated on the number of prescriptions, dispensing cases, and drug items every 30minutes, and was imvestigated on the number of pharmacists with weight in experiences and of clinical departments for outpatients. Multiple regression analysis using 3 factors was carried out.The obtained standard partial regression coefficients showed that waiting time depended on the number of prescriptions every 30 minutes and of pharmacists with weight in experiences. The number of patients who failed to receive medicines was independent of waiting time.As the result that we inquired of outpatients how about waiting time at pharmacy, many outpatients voiced their discontent.The source of their discontent was, however, not their waiting time in itself, but it was revealed that they had been discontented because of the lack of understanding of dispensing.

Comparative Evaluation of Chenodeoxycholic Acid Capsules

Three brands of chenodeoxycholic acid capsules of the companies A, B, and C were compared. One of the three brands shad very small weight deviation. Differential scanning colorimetry and scanning electron microscopy indicated that 2 brands contained crystalline drug and 1 brand contained amorphous drug. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the extracts from bulk drugs and capsule formulations revealed that the 2 crystalline bulk drugs and the capsule formulations of the 2 crystalline drugs contained definite amount of ethyl acetate as residual solvent. The amount of the solvent in formulations might be reduced by purification of the bulk drug. Thinlayer chromatographic analysis of the extracts from the capsules indicated that small amount of materials other than chenodeoxycholic acid may be present in the formulations.

Irritative Effects of Drug Solutions on the Rectal Membranes

The irritative effects of 10% phenobarbital (PH) and phenobarbital sodium (PHS) solution for injection, 5% pentobarbital sodium (PES) solution for injection, 10% thiopental sodium (THS) solution for injection, and 5% chloral hydrate (CHH) solution on the rectal membranes of rabbits were examined wit h and without optical and scanning electron microscopes. Little irritation was observed after administration of PHS, THS, and CHH. However, PH and PES caused severe and mild irritation on the rectal membranes after rectal administration, respectively. Irritative effects of PH and PES may be attributed to organic solvents contained in these compounds

Dissolution Test of Cefadroxil Capsules

The dissolution patterns of cefadroxil in capsules were examined according to the JP X dissolution test. Cefadroxil capsules of brands A and B exhibited low dissolution rates of the drug and no disintegration was observed in 60 min. On the other hand, another lot of each brand supplied subsequently showed rapid disintegration and the dissolution of the drug almost completed in 30 min. A hydrophobic lubricant, magnesium stearate and the like was considered to suppress the disintegration and the dissolution of the drug in the former cases.It was also found that vigorous shaking of the capsules suppressed the disintegration and the dissolution of the drug in one lot of capsules which showed rapid disintegration and dissolution of the drug before shaking.It was, therefore, concluded that the dissolution of cefadroxil in capsules can be remarkably suppressed when a hydrophobic lubricant is used. It is important to control carefully the amount of the lubricant, mixing time of a mixture of drug, diluent, and lubricant before packing, and the physical condition at the time of transportation or storage.