Reinaldo Forster

Influência dos herbicidas EPTC e Trifluralin e da inoculação das sementes com Rhizobium phaseoli na nodulação e produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)

A field trial was carried out in a Latosolic B Terra Roxa, to investigate the influence of the herbicides EPTC and Trifluralin on nodulation and dry bean production. Sampling of nodules and plants was made at flowering. Data of bean production were also collected. A system of scores was used to evaluate the control of weeds. Statistical analysis of data showed significant increase in dry weight of nodules due to seed inoculation but there was no correspondent increase in bean production due to seed inoculation. It was observed that herbicides EPTC and Trifluralin had no influence on nodulation. Control of weeds was effective.

Contrôle de vira-cabeça do tomate pela destruição do vetor

Varios inseticidas foram ensaiados no controle da molestia de virus do tomateiro denominada vira-cabeca, transmitida por um tripes do genero Frankliniella. Os resultados obtidos nestes ensaios mostraram que, dos inseticidas ensaiados, Rhodiatox e Hexason 2540M foram os mais eficientes. Os dados obtidos permitem que se sugira o seguinte programa de pulverizacao de tomateiros, para o controle de vira-cabeca. Na sementeira: Pulverizacoes de 3 a 5 dias com Rhodiatox (0,25 a 0,50%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,15%). No canteiro de repicagem: Pulverizacoes cada 3 a 5 dias com Rhodiatox (0,50%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,15%). Na plantacao definitiva: Pulverizacoes cada 5 a 7 dias com Rhodiatox (0,50% a 1%) ou Hexason 2540M (0,25%) ate cerca de 40 dias apos a transplantacao.

Control of nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L: ) with sucess1ve applications of EPTC on beans

Estudou-se o controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) por meio de aplicacoes sucessivas de EPTC, uma e duas vezes ao ano, por dois anos. Aliou-se a eficiencia do produto contra a tiririca a sua seletividade ao feijoeiro (Phaseotus vulgaris L.), cv. carioca. As doses variaram desde 0 a 21,6 kg/ha do ingrediente ativo, sendo que a dose maxima nao se mostrou esterilizante do solo, nem com duas aplicacoes ao ano, o que se verificou pela populacao de carrapicho-de-carneiro (Acanthospermum hispidum DC) e serralha-falsa (Emilia sonchifolia L.). Houve reducao gradativa e significativa da populacao de tiririca, com duas aplicacoes por ano, em todas as doses. Nas mais elevadas verificou-se reducao total apos dois anos. Com uma aplicacao por ano, nas doses mais elevadas, houve recuperacao parcial, e nas mais baixas, recuperacao total. As producoes e a qualidade da cultura nao foram afetadas pelo herbicida. Houve aumento de producao com a elevacao da dose na segunda e quarta safras, devido, aparentemente, a eliminacao da competicao da tiririca.

Local de ação de trifluralin na germinação de capim-carrapicho

Foram conduzidos estudos em vasos e no campo, para conhecer ate que profundidade ocorria germinacao de capim-carrapicho (Cenchrus echinatus L.). Em vasos esta ocorreu ate 11 cm de profundidade e no campo ate 9 cm em solo argiloso, e 10 cm em solo barrento. Foi frequente a germinacao de duas ou mais cariopses por infrutescencia. Em dois outros testes em vasos foi estudado o local de acao do trifluralin na dose de 0,84 kg/ha de i.a., em solo barrento. Verificou-se acao do herbicida nas zonas meristematicas da raiz e do coleoptilo, causando inibicao de desenvolvimento longitudinal do mesocotilo e da raiz. Na ponta da raiz primaria, no primeiro no e no coleoptilar verificou-se aumento pronunciado de diâmetro.

Eficiência de diversos equipamentos para incorporação ao solo do herbicida trifluralin

This research investigates the efficiency of trifluralin incorporation in soils using four different equipments, such as, disk harrow, rotary plow, flexible spiketooth harrow and rotary hoe, during 1978/1979 and 1979/1980, at Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in cotton fields. Laboratory tests were also carried out to verify the depth of the herbicide action using soil samples collected through special cylinders with known diameter and height and sowing seeds of check plants. Rotary plow showed the best results. In regarding to the disk harrow, normally used to incorporate trifluralin, double harrowing at different depths is suggested as a good practice, superposing up to half harrowing width in the second pass.

Herbicidas no transplante de mudas de sisal (Agave sisalana perr.)

The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.

Weed control and herbicide selectivity to sisal (Agave sisalana perr.)

The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.

Weed control and herbicide selectivity in sisal (Agave sisalana) Herbicidas no transplante de mudas de sisal (Agave sisalana Perr.

The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.The weed control with herbicides and its selectivity to sisal were studied on a clay soil field trial. The treatments (in a.i./ha) were: 0.84 and 0.96kg of pre-plant incorporated trifluralin; 2.40 and 3.26kg of alachlor; 0.70 and 0.84kg of metribuzin; 1.60 and 2.40kg of bromacil; 1.60 and 2.40kg of terbacil; 2.40 and 3.20k- of diuron; 3.20 and 4.00kg of simazine; 1.20 and 1.60kg of fluometuron; a hoed check and a not hoed check. Trifluralin was applied on September 24, 1976, the bulbils were transplanted on the 29th of the same month and the PRE herbicides applied on the 30th. Weed control was evaluated at 67 and 114 days after PRE application. The grass control was over 90% by trifluralin, bromacil and terbacil, around 80% by simazine and below 75% by the remaining herbicides. The broadleaves were controlled at a level of 90 to 100% by bromacil and terbacil and 80 to 85% by simazine. None of the herbicides affected the growth of sisal plants during the considered period of 600 days. At 550 days the area covered by weeds was evaluated. Terbacil controlled still 75 and 95% of the total quantity of weeds, at the lower and higher doyes, respectively, trifluralin controlled 60 to 70% and the remainder below 45%. For final evaluation at 600 days, crop stand, number of plants with sprouts, number of leaves per plant and crop condition were considered. The treatments with best weed control also showed the best scores for crop development, partly due to their selectivity to sisal.

Efeito de alguns herbicidas na cultura do quiabeiro, em testes efetuados em casa de vegetação

Two okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) varieties were tested for their tolerance to sixteen herbicides at one rate each, as a pre-planting and as a pre-emergence applications in greenhouse trials. The results with the incorporated herbicides showed that only tri-fluralin at 0,75 kg/ha active ingredient was promising to this crop. Different results were obtained with the pre-emergence applications of the group of urea and anilide herbicides. While no symptoms of injury were observed with chloroxuron, norea, linuron, and propachlor, injury symptoms were evident with diuron, fluometuron, metobromuron and siduron. The four triazine herbicides were very damaging to the okra plants. Under the conditions of these tests, only the herbicides trifluralin, chloroxuron, norea, and linuron were promising to the okra crop.

Effect of some herbicides on okra crop in trials performed in the greenhouse

Two okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) varieties were tested for their tolerance to sixteen herbicides at one rate each, as a pre-planting and as a pre-emergence applications in greenhouse trials. The results with the incorporated herbicides showed that only tri-fluralin at 0,75 kg/ha active ingredient was promising to this crop. Different results were obtained with the pre-emergence applications of the group of urea and anilide herbicides. While no symptoms of injury were observed with chloroxuron, norea, linuron, and propachlor, injury symptoms were evident with diuron, fluometuron, metobromuron and siduron. The four triazine herbicides were very damaging to the okra plants. Under the conditions of these tests, only the herbicides trifluralin, chloroxuron, norea, and linuron were promising to the okra crop.