Rejane Pequeno Rodrigues

Swimming and cycling do not cause positive effects on bone mineral density: a systematic review

Osteoporosis is considered a common metabolic bone disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In this context, physical activity has been used as a non-pharmacological tool for prevention and auxiliary treatment of this disease. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of cycling and swimming practice on bone mineral density (BMD). This research was conducted in accordance with the recommendations outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The studies were consulted in the period from 2004 to 2014, through major electronic databases: PubMed(®), SciELO(®) and LILACS(®). Ten studies evaluated the effects of cycling on BMD, and the results showed that nine studies have linked the practice of professional cycling with low levels of BMD. Another 18 studies have reported that swimming has no positive effects on bone mass. We conclude that cycling and swimming do not cause positive effects on BMD; thus, these are not the most suitable exercises for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Resistance training alone reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals: meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training alone on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Our meta-analysis, followed the guidelines of PRISMA. The search for articles was realized by November 2016 using the following electronic databases: BIREME, PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SciELO and a search strategy that included the combination of titles of medical affairs and terms of free text to the key concepts: ‘hypertension’ ‘hypertensive’, ‘prehypertensive’, ‘resistance training’, ‘strength training’, and ‘weight-lifting’. These terms were combined with a search strategy to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and identified a total of 1608 articles: 644 articles BIREME, 53 SciELO, 722 PubMed, 122 Cochrane Library and 67 LILACS. Of these, five RCTs met the inclusion criteria and provided data on 201 individuals. The results showed significant reductions for systolic blood pressure (−8.2 mm Hg CI −10.9 to −5.5;I2: 22.5% P valor for heterogeneity=0.271 and effect size=−0.97) and diastolic blood pressure (−4.1 mm Hg CI −6.3 to −1.9; I2: 46.5% P valor for heterogeneity=0.113 and effect size=−0.60) when compared to group control. In conclusion, resistance training alone reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. The RCTs studies that investigated the effects of resistance training alone in prehypertensive and hypertensive patients support the recommendation of resistance training as a tool for management of systemic hypertension.

Natação e ciclismo não causam efeitos positivos na densidade mineral óssea: uma revisão sistemática

Osteoporosis is considered a common metabolic bone disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In this context, physical activity has been used as a non-pharmacological tool for prevention and auxiliary treatment of this disease. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of cycling and swimming practice on bone mineral density (BMD). This research was conducted in accordance with the recommendations outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The studies were consulted in the period from 2004 to 2014, through major electronic databases: PubMed®, SciELO® and LILACS®. Ten studies evaluated the effects of cycling on BMD, and the results showed that nine studies have linked the practice of professional cycling with low levels of BMD. Another 18 studies have reported that swimming has no positive effects on bone mass. We conclude that cycling and swimming do not cause positive effects on BMD; thus, these are not the most suitable exercises for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO DE ALTA INTENSIDADE EM RATOS QUE RECEBERAM DEXAMETASONA

Introduccion: A largo plazo, la dexametasona promueve cambios nocivos sobre el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad en la sensibilidad a la insulina, tolerancia a la glucosa y la fuerza muscular en ratas sometidas a la utilizacion cronica de dexametasona. Metodos: Se dividieron aleatoriamente 40 ratas macho en cuatro grupos: 1) Control Sedentario (CS); 2) Control Entrenado (CE) 3); Dexametasona Sedentario (DS); 4) Dexametasona Entrenado (DE). El entrenamiento de resistencia se llevo a cabo en un aparato de agachamiento compuesto por tres series, 10 repeticiones, con intensidad del 75% de 1 RM durante cuatro semanas. Al mismo tiempo, los grupos de DS y DE recibieron dexametasona intraperitoneal diaria (0,2 g/kg) y los grupos CS y CE recibieron solo solucion salina (0,9%). Al final del protocolo se llevaron a cabo las pruebas de tolerancia a la glucosa, sensibilidad a la insulina y de fuerza maxima. Resultados: En los grupos entrenados (CE y DE) se aumento la fuerza muscular del 14,78% y 36,87%, respectivamente, sin aumento significativo en los grupos sedentarios. En la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa, los grupos entrenados (CE y DE) mostraron amplitudes atenuadas de la glucosa en plasma en comparacion con los grupos sedentarios (CS y SD). En la prueba de sensibilidad a la insulina, el grupo DE mostro disminucion del area bajo la curva en relacion con el grupo DS. Conclusion: El entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad promovio mejora en la sensibilidad a la insulina, tolerancia a la glucosa y el aumento de la fuerza muscular en ratas sometidas al uso cronico de dexametasona.