Renata Capistrano

Constraints to leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian workers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify perceived constraints to leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) most prevalent in Brazilian workers. Furthermore, this study aimed to analyze the types of constraints perceived in the practice of LTPA that better characterize the behaviour of active and insufficiently active workers. The study included 885 workers from a Brazilian industry. The level of physical activity and constraints practiced were analyzed, as well as sociodemographic data and work-related health factors. The most frequently perceived constraints to LTPA were ‘long working hours’ (60.3%), ‘family commitments’ (58.1%), and ‘housework’ (54.5%). Intrapersonal constraints better explained the behaviour of insufficiently active workers; moreover, for those with a regular physical activity, the constraints were environmental and structural. Long working hours and excess housework reflect low levels of physical activity in workers. The model of leisure constraints was confirmed in Brazilian workers with different levels of physical activity.

EXERGAMES COMO FERRAMENTA DE AQUISIÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE HABILIDADES E CAPACIDADES MOTORAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the literature on the effectiveness of exergames in physical education classes and in the acquisition and development of motor skills and abilities. Data source: The analyses were carried out by two independent evaluators, limited to English and Portuguese, in four databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed, without restrictions related with year. The keywords used were: “Exergames and motor learning and motor skill” and “Exergames and motor skill and physical education”. The inclusion criteria were: articles that evaluated the effectiveness of exergames in physical education classes regarding the acquisition and development of motor skills. The following were excluded: books, theses and dissertations; repetitions; articles published in proceedings and conference summaries; and studies with sick children and/or use of the tool for rehabilitation purposes. Data synthesis: 96 publications were found, and 8 studies were selected for a final review. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Evidence was found on the recurring positive effects of exergames in both motor skills acquisition and motor skills development. Conclusions: Exergames, when used in a conscious manner - so as to not completely replace sports and other recreational activities -, incorporate good strategies for parents and physical education teachers in motivating children and adolescents to practice physical exercise.

Avaliação do desempenho de escolares em testes de aptidão física

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de escolares em testes de aptidao fisica. A amostra foi composta por 88 escolares, dos quais 43 eram do sexo feminino e 45 do masculino. O instrumento utilizado foi a bateria de teste e medidas PROESP-BR contendo 5 itens: Teste de velocidade (corrida de 20m); Teste de agilidade (quadrado); Teste de forca explosiva de membros inferiores (salto horizontal); Teste de forca explosiva de membros superiores (arremesso de medicine ball ) e resistencia cardiorrespiratoria (corrida de 6 minutos). Percebe-se que a maioria dos escolares apresentou niveis de aptidao fisica abaixo do esperado, principalmente nos componentes de forca explosiva de membros inferiores, agilidade, velocidade e aptidao cardiorrespiratoria. Sugere-se uma melhor caracterizacao dessa populacao, para que politicas publicas de incentivo a atividade fisica visando melhorar os indices de aptidao fisica de escolares possam ser criadas. Descritores: Aptidao Fisica; Crianca; Atividade Fisica.

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde e ao desempenho de escolares entre 7 a 10 anos de idade

Objetivo: Avaliar a aptidao fisica relacionada a saude e ao desempenho de escolares com idade entre 7 a 10 anos. Metodos: Estudo transversal realizado em Florianopolis/SC/Brasil em 2015, com 88 escolares, 45 do sexo masculino e 43 do feminino. Utilizou-se o Manual de Aplicacao de Medidas, Testes, Normas e Criterios de Avaliacao do Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-BR, contendo testes relacionados a saude (teste de flexibilidade, resistencia muscular, resistencia cardiorrespiratoria e Indice de Massa Corporal - IMC) e ao desempenho (velocidade, agilidade, forca explosiva de membros inferiores e superiores e resistencia cardiorrespiratoria). Por meio de estatistica descritiva e inferencial (teste “t” para amostras independes) verificaram-se possiveis diferencas entre os sexos. Resultados: Houve diferenca significativa entre os sexos nas variaveis: flexibilidade (p=0,01), aptidao cardiorrespiratoria (p=0,01) e velocidade (p=0,08). Para o IMC, tanto o sexo feminino quanto o masculino encontram-se, em sua maioria, 62 (70,5%) na Zona de Saude ou eutroficos. Relacionado ao desempenho, a maioria dos escolares apresentou aptidao fisica insatisfatoria ou fraca, nos componentes: forca explosiva de membros inferiores (n=56; 63,6%), agilidade (n=67; 76,1%), velocidade (n=37; 42,6%) e aptidao cardiorrespiratoria (n=75; 85,2%). Conclusao: Verificou-se, nos escolares avaliados, alta prevalencia de participantes caracterizados na zona saudavel nos teste aptidao fisica relacionada a saude, exceto a resistencia muscular, no entanto, insatisfatoria e fraca quando relacionada ao desempenho.

Autoeficácia e desempenho escolar de alunos do ensino fundamental

In this study we aim at investigating the association of the feeling of self-efficacy with academic performance, learning difficulties, gender and age of children in the early grades of elementary school. The sample was composed of 406 children (56% girls), aged 7 to 10 years, enrolled in a school in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis/SC. The instruments used were the Academic Performance Test (TDE) and Sense of selfefficacy Assessment Guide (RASAE). Statistically significant association was found between self-efficacy and academic performance for all levels of school skills and those with the best performance had higher self-efficacy (p <0.001). Regarding the results between gender, girls were more self-efficacy than boys (p <0,05). Children of different age groups (7-8 and 9-10 years) had similar levels of self-efficacy. The results suggest that actions which target the increase of self-efficacy are directed especially to boys and groups with low academic performance. This produces impacts on the motivation and school learning.El estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar la asociacion del censo de autoeficacia con el desempeno escolar, las dificultades de aprendizaje, el sexo y la edad de ninos de las series iniciales de la Ensenanza Fundamental. Participaron 406 escolares (el 56,9% de muchachas), con edades entre siete y diez anos, inscriptos en una escuela de la region metropolitana de Florianopolis/SC. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test de Desempeno Escolar (TDE) y el Rutero de Evaluacion del Censo de Autoeficacia (RASAE). Se identifico asociacion significativa entre autoeficacia y desempeno escolar para todos los niveles de habilidades escolares, y aquellos con mejor desempeno presentaban mayor autoeficacia (p<0,001). Respeto al sexo, las muchachas se mostraron mas auto eficaces de que los muchachos (p<0,05). Ninos de distintos grupos eterios (7 a 8 y 9 a 10 anos) tuvieron niveles semejantes de autoeficacia. Se sugiere que acciones con vista al aumento de la autoeficacia sean direccionadas especialmente a los muchachos y grupos con bajo desempeno, de forma a repercutir en la motivacion y aprendizaje escolar.

Self-efficacy and school performance of elementary school students

In this study we aim at investigating the association of the feeling of self-efficacy with academic performance, learning difficulties, gender and age of children in the early grades of elementary school. The sample was composed of 406 children (56% girls), aged 7 to 10 years, enrolled in a school in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis/SC. The instruments used were the Academic Performance Test (TDE) and Sense of selfefficacy Assessment Guide (RASAE). Statistically significant association was found between self-efficacy and academic performance for all levels of school skills and those with the best performance had higher self-efficacy (p <0.001). Regarding the results between gender, girls were more self-efficacy than boys (p <0,05). Children of different age groups (7-8 and 9-10 years) had similar levels of self-efficacy. The results suggest that actions which target the increase of self-efficacy are directed especially to boys and groups with low academic performance. This produces impacts on the motivation and school learning.El estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar la asociacion del censo de autoeficacia con el desempeno escolar, las dificultades de aprendizaje, el sexo y la edad de ninos de las series iniciales de la Ensenanza Fundamental. Participaron 406 escolares (el 56,9% de muchachas), con edades entre siete y diez anos, inscriptos en una escuela de la region metropolitana de Florianopolis/SC. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test de Desempeno Escolar (TDE) y el Rutero de Evaluacion del Censo de Autoeficacia (RASAE). Se identifico asociacion significativa entre autoeficacia y desempeno escolar para todos los niveles de habilidades escolares, y aquellos con mejor desempeno presentaban mayor autoeficacia (p<0,001). Respeto al sexo, las muchachas se mostraron mas auto eficaces de que los muchachos (p<0,05). Ninos de distintos grupos eterios (7 a 8 y 9 a 10 anos) tuvieron niveles semejantes de autoeficacia. Se sugiere que acciones con vista al aumento de la autoeficacia sean direccionadas especialmente a los muchachos y grupos con bajo desempeno, de forma a repercutir en la motivacion y aprendizaje escolar.

Autoeficacia y desempeño escolar de alumnos de la enseñanza fundamental

In this study we aim at investigating the association of the feeling of self-efficacy with academic performance, learning difficulties, gender and age of children in the early grades of elementary school. The sample was composed of 406 children (56% girls), aged 7 to 10 years, enrolled in a school in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis/SC. The instruments used were the Academic Performance Test (TDE) and Sense of selfefficacy Assessment Guide (RASAE). Statistically significant association was found between self-efficacy and academic performance for all levels of school skills and those with the best performance had higher self-efficacy (p <0.001). Regarding the results between gender, girls were more self-efficacy than boys (p <0,05). Children of different age groups (7-8 and 9-10 years) had similar levels of self-efficacy. The results suggest that actions which target the increase of self-efficacy are directed especially to boys and groups with low academic performance. This produces impacts on the motivation and school learning.El estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar la asociacion del censo de autoeficacia con el desempeno escolar, las dificultades de aprendizaje, el sexo y la edad de ninos de las series iniciales de la Ensenanza Fundamental. Participaron 406 escolares (el 56,9% de muchachas), con edades entre siete y diez anos, inscriptos en una escuela de la region metropolitana de Florianopolis/SC. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test de Desempeno Escolar (TDE) y el Rutero de Evaluacion del Censo de Autoeficacia (RASAE). Se identifico asociacion significativa entre autoeficacia y desempeno escolar para todos los niveles de habilidades escolares, y aquellos con mejor desempeno presentaban mayor autoeficacia (p<0,001). Respeto al sexo, las muchachas se mostraron mas auto eficaces de que los muchachos (p<0,05). Ninos de distintos grupos eterios (7 a 8 y 9 a 10 anos) tuvieron niveles semejantes de autoeficacia. Se sugiere que acciones con vista al aumento de la autoeficacia sean direccionadas especialmente a los muchachos y grupos con bajo desempeno, de forma a repercutir en la motivacion y aprendizaje escolar.