Renata Castoldi

Desempenho e qualidade de frutos de tomateiro em cultivo protegido com diferentes números de hastes

An experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to evaluate different orientations of growth of tomato plants, and the effect on productivity. The soil was prepared according to technical recommendations for the culture and soil analysis. Plants were spaced 1.0 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants in the line. The experimental design was comprised of a complete randomized block design, with eight treatments and four repetitions, in factorial arrangement of 2x2x2. Each plot consisted of seven plants, where only the central five plants of each plot were evaluated. Two systems of conduction were used (leaving only one stem per plant and leaving two stems per plant); and two systems of pruning (conventional and differentiated); and two numbers of plants per hollow (one plant per hollow and two plants per hollow). In the conventional pruning all the lateral sprouts were removed and, in the differentiated pruning the lateral sprouts were left, and in these one raceme. We evaluated the number of raceme per plant, height of the first raceme, number of fruits per plant, diameter and length of fruits, thickness of pulp, weight of fruits, number of locules per fruit, diameter of locule, commercial and total yield estimated, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C. The conduction of two plants per hollow, two stems per plant and conventional pruning type are recommended.

Desempenho de cultivares de melão rendilhado em função do sistema de cultivo

ABSTRACT Performance of net melon cultivars depending on thecultivation system In this study the productive characteristics of five net meloncultivars, using two different cultivation systems were evaluated.The study was conducted in a greenhouse from November/05 toFebruary/06. The experiments were carried out using randomizedcomplete block design with a 5 x 2 factorial scheme and fourrepetitions. The evaluated factors were five net melon hybrids(Maxim, Bonus 2, Shinju 200, Fantasy and Louis) and two cultivationsystems (in the soil and in substrate of coconut husk fiber). Afterharvest we evaluated the production per plant (kg planta -1 ); transverse(DTF) and longitudinal diameters (DLF) of fruit, in mm; format indexof fruit (IFF); transverse (DTL) and longitudinal diameters (DLL)of locule, in mm; format index of locule (IFL); insertion diametersof the grain stalk (DIP), in mm; and mesocarp thickness (EM), inmm. No interactions were observed among the studied factors. Thecultivation in substrate provided better performance when comparedto cultivation in soil (2.51 and 1.52 kg planta

Growth analysis of sweet pepper cultivated in coconut fiber in a greenhouse

O conhecimento sobre o crescimento das culturas permite o planejamento de metodos de cultivo racional, que contribuira para alcancar um maior potencial de especies vegetais, alem de fornecer informacoes para a construcao de modelos matematicos descritivos de crescimento. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a curva de crescimento do pimentao amarelo (hibrido Eppo) cultivado em fibra de coco em ambiente protegido com fertirrigacao. O experimento compreendeu inicialmente 160 plantas, divididas em quatro blocos, sendo colhidas duas por bloco a cada 21 dias apos o transplante, finalizando-se aos 189 dias apos o transplante. O cultivo de pimentao foi feito em vasos plasticos de 13 L contendo fibra de coco, distribuidos em fila dupla, com espacamento de 0,5 x 0,8 m entre fileiras simples e 1,1 m entre fileiras duplas. Em cada colheita foram avaliados o crescimento das plantas e a producao e qualidade de frutos maduros. A massa seca da parte aerea aumentou com o tempo, seguindo um modelo exponencial de primeira ordem, atingindo um maximo de 451,5 g/planta aos 189 dias apos o transplante (DAT). A producao de massa seca de folhas, caule, raiz e frutos tambem aumentou ao longo do tempo, seguindo o mesmo modelo, atingindo valores maximos de 68.7, 65.8, 11.5 e 302.9 g/planta, respectivamente, aos 189 DAT. O mesmo ocorreu com a area foliar por planta, altura da planta e a taxa de crescimento absoluto, cujos valores maximos foram de 6.183,5 cm2, 136.9 cm e 4.4 g/planta/dia, respectivamente. O crescimento das plantas foi continuo ao longo do ciclo, sendo que a maior quantidade de massa seca foi acumulada nos frutos, cuja producao comercial chegou a 97.3 t ha-1, sendo totalmente classificados como Extra.

Accumulation of nutrients in sweet peppers cultivated in coconut fiber

ABSTRACT The production of sweet peppers in greenhouse has been severely affected by soil pathogens. With this, producers are adopting new cultivation techniques, such as cultivation in substrates, but information about this type of cultivation are still scarce. The aim of the present work was to evaluate nutrient accumulation in sweet peppers cultivated in coconut fiber with fertirrigation in greenhouse. Initially, 160 plants (Eppo cultivar) were divided into four blocks, where two plants per block were analyzed every 21 days after transplanting. The sweet peppers were cultivated in plastic pots of 13 L, containing coconut fiber, and placed in double rows with spacing of 0.5 x 0.8 m between single rows and 1.10 m between double rows. The commercial production of the mature fruits was estimated to be 97.3 t ha -1 , where all the production was classified as Extra (maximum quality). The accumulation of the various determined nutrients were: 8.22 g plant -1 of N, 1.14 g plant of P, 7.84 g plant of K, 3.25 g plant of Ca, 1.34 g plant

Cultivo de melão rendilhado com dois e três frutos por planta

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de melao rendilhado produzidas em plantas sob raleio dos frutos. Foram estudadas as cultivares Maxim, Louis, Fantasy, Shinju 200, e Bonus no2, com as plantas conduzidas com dois e tres frutos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com quatro repeticoes e com as plantas dispostas no espacamento de 1,0 m entre linhas e 0,5 m entre plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao, utilizando-se fertirrigacao e vasos plasticos de 13 L, preenchidos com fibra da casca de coco Golden Mix® Misto 98. As mudas foram produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 celulas e quando estavam com a primeira folha definitiva completamente desenvolvida foram transplantadas aos vasos. Foram avaliados o rendilhamento da casca, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do fruto, o indice de formato do fruto, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do loculo, o indice de formato do loculo, a espessura do mesocarpo, a massa media dos frutos e a producao por planta. Nao houve interacao entre os fatores estudados. Nas condicoes deste experimento, a conducao de dois frutos por planta resultou em maior rendilhamento da casca, maior diâmetro transversal do fruto, maior diâmetro longitudinal do loculo e maior massa media dos frutos. Porem, as maiores producoes por planta foram observadas quando conduzidas com tres frutos. Os hibridos Fantasy e Shinju 200 apresentaram as melhores caracteristicas de frutos e maiores producoes.

Avaliação de parentais e híbridos experimentais de melão rendilhado

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desempenho de 38 genotipos de melao rendilhado, sendo seis parentais, 30 hibridos experimentais (15 hibridos e 15 reciprocos) e dois hibridos padroes de mercado (Bonus no2 e Louis), quanto as caracteristicas produtivas. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de Olericultura e Plantas Aromatico-Medicinais da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, UNESP-Jaboticabal, em casa de vegetacao, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes, e 38 tratamentos, contendo uma unica fileira de cinco plantas, com espacamento ente si de 0,5 m e 1 m entrelinhas. A semeadura foi realizada em 01 de agosto de 2007, utilizando bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 celulas, e quando as mudas apresentaram a primeira folha nao cotiledonar, realizou-se o transplante. As plantas foram cultivadas em substrato de fibra da casca de coco, sendo a irrigacao e adubacao realizadas conjuntamente por fertirrigacao. A colheita foi realizada durante o mes de dezembro, sendo avaliados: producao total, diâmetro medio transversal e longitudinal do fruto, indice de formato de fruto, diâmetro medio transversal e longitudinal do loculo, indice de formato do loculo, diâmetro medio da insercao do pedunculo dos frutos, precocidade e concentracao de colheita. Realizou-se analise de variância para cada caracteristica e comparacao entre as medias pelo teste de Scott-Knott, ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que os genotipos (hibridos) experimentais 4, 23, 24, 26 e 28 obtiveram os melhores desempenhos sendo semelhantes aos hibridos comerciais.

Desempenho de quatro genótipos de soja-hortaliça em dois anos agrícolas

ABSTRACT Performance of four vegetable soybean genotypes in twoagricultural years The performance of vegetable soybean genotypes was evaluatedin two years, in the experimental area of Universidade Estadual deSao Paulo, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was ofrandomized blocks, with four genotypes and five replications pereach year. Plots comprised of four rows, with three meters in lengthand the plants were arranged with a plant spacing of 0.10m and0.60m between rows, where 20 plants per plot were studied. Seedswere sown in expanded polystyrene trays with 128 pyramidal cells,with the substrate Plantmax Hortalicas ® . Transplanting was performedten days after sowing, in a soil previously fertilized as recommendedfor the crop. Harvesting was performed when pods reached thereproductive stage R6. The genotypes JLM003; JLM010; JLM018and CNPSoI were evaluated to measure the insertion height of firstpod, mean number of pods per plant, mean number of seeds per pod,production of pods per plant, fresh weight of 100 grains and totalyield of immature grains. Genotypes JLM003, JLM010 and CNPSoIwere the most productive and sowing date in December showedgreater yield than sowing in September.

Desempenho de genótipos de soja-hortaliça de ciclo precoce [Glycine max (L.) Merril] em diferentes densidades

Objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho de dois genotipos de soja-hortalica de ciclo precoce [Glycine max (L.) Merril], em diferentes densidades, foi instalado um ensaio, em area experimental do Setor de Olericultura e Plantas Aromatico-Medicinais, pertencente ao Departamento de Producao Vegetal, nas dependencias da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias (FCAV-UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de parcelas subdivididas, adotando-se nas parcelas os genotipos e nas subparcelas as densidades, com quatro repeticoes por tratamento. Cada parcela experimental foi constituida por quatro linhas de 4,5m de plantio, com densidades de 20, 10 e 7 plantas por metro e 0,60m nas entrelinhas, sendo consideradas para avaliacao 20 plantas por parcela, das duas linhas centrais. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 celulas, contendo substrato Plantmax Hortalicas®. O transplantio ocorreu dez dias apos a semeadura, em solo devidamente preparado, conforme recomendacoes para a cultura. A colheita foi realizada quando os legumes estavam em estadio reprodutivo R6. Avaliaram-se os genotipos JLM010 e CNPSOI quanto as caracteristicas: numero medio de legumes por planta, numero medio de sementes por legume, massa fresca de 100 sementes e produtividade estimada de graos imaturos. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que o genotipo JLM010 e o mais recomendado e deve ser plantado na densidade de 7 plantas por metro.

Levantamento de raças do agente causador do míldio da alface no Estado de São Paulo em 2012 e 2013

Lettuce is, among leafy vegetables, the most economically important one to Brazil. In the winter, at low temperatures and under leaf wetness, downy mildew of lettuce, a disease caused by the etiologic agent Bremia lactucae, occurs in almost all regions where this vegetable is grown and is considered one of the most severe foliar diseases for the culture. The aim of this study was to identify the races of B. lactucae in 2012 and 2013 that occurred in the main producing regions of Sao Paulo State, such as: Ribeirao Preto, Jaboticabal, Pirangi, Catanduva, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Atibaia, Salesopolis, Biritiba Mirim, Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas, Itapira, Mogi Mirim, Cândido Mota, Presidente Prudente, Echapora, Assis, Marilia, Botucatu and Bauru. During the months of July / August 2012 and 2013, we collected samples of lettuce leaves showing symptoms of downy mildew, and in each collected sample the pathogen structures referred to an isolate. The sporangia were multiplied on the susceptible cultivar Solaris, with subsequent inoculation in differential cultivars, performing evaluations on the 12th day from the appearance of the first sporulation in the susceptible cultivar ‘Green Tower’ (Dm-0), according to the code “Sextet”. In 2012, two new codes were determined, identifying two new races, SPBl:10 (63/31/02/00) and SPBl:11 (63/63/18/00). In 2013, a new codification was determined (63/31/18/00), to which the name SPBl:12 was proposed. The genes Dm-14 and Dm-15 and the resistance factors FR-17, FR-18, FR-36, FR-37 and FR-38 confer resistance to these new races that were identified. It is recommended, therefore, in breeding programs of lettuce, the use of factors FR-17, FR-18 and FR-38 as sources of resistance for new cultivars developed in the state of Sao Paulo, because they confer resistance to all 12 already identified races.

Obtaining resistant lettuce progenies to downy mildew

Lettuce is the most consumed leafy vegetable in Brazil. Its production, nonetheless, is increasing in difficulties mainly due to the infestation of producing areas with Bremia lactucae. Thus, the use of horizontal resistant cultivars is the most viable alternative in controlling progress of disease. So, the objective of this study was to obtain resistant lettuce progenies to the races of downy mildew: SPBl:01, SPBl:02, SPBl:03, SPBl:04, SPBl:05, SPBl:06 and SPBl:07. The breeding consisted of two stages: crossover of parentals to obtain the resistant lettuce progenies and endurance test of the progeny to B. lactucae races. The parentals used to obtain progenies with resistance factor R-18 and R-38 were: JAB 4-13-7 and JAB 4-13-7. The Pedigree method was used for obtaining the progeny, using as default selections the Hortencia cultivar and JAB 4-13-7genotype. After selection and selfing of the plants in the field, the resistance or susceptibility test was realized, by inoculation of the progenies from the crosses, with mixture of distilled water + sporangia of B. lactucae races SPBl:01, SPBl:02, SPBl:03, SPBl:04, SPBl:05, SPBl:06 and SPBl:07 obtained from isolates collected in the years 2008-2010. Fifteen days after inoculation, the seedlings were selected as resistant or susceptible, discarding those presenting sporulation and necrotic spots caused by B. lactucae. Through the Pedigree method we found 69 progenies F 3 with good agronomic characteristics. However, after resistance or susceptibility test, only 19 showed all the plants resistant to downy mildew.