Renato Xavier Faria

Anestesia por infusão contínua de propofol em cães pré-medicados com acepromazina e fentanil

Propofol (2,6 diisopropylphenol) is an ultra short duration hypnotic agent that produces sedation and hypnosis similar to barbituric agent, but lacks analgesic action. This is a chemically unique anesthetic agent that can be used for induction and anesthetic maintenance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the cardiac and respiratory rate, oximetry, mean arterial blood pressure and tidal volume and minute volume in dogs premedicated with acepromazine and fentanyl and anesthetized by continuous infusion by propofol. Ten dogs were submitted to anesthesia by continuous propofol infusion during ninety minutes. Using acepromazine (0.1mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (0.01mg.kg-1) as pre anesthetic drugs, anesthesia was induced using propofol (3.16mg.kg-1) and maintained by continuous infusion of propofol in a rate of 0.4mg.kg-1 .min-1. The parameters were measured immediately after induction, at 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minutes following induction; by the end of infusion and 30 minutes after the end of infusion. The parameters were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures and the means were analyzed by the Tuckey test to 5% of significance. The protocol used had no statistical effect on the parameters analyzed. One animal showed apnea during the induction phase. The results obtained in this experiment suggest that this protocol might be safely and efficiently used for routine intravenous anesthesia in dogs.

Hernioplastia diafragmática em cão com pericárdio bovino conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar

Seven adult mongrel dogs, three males and four females, weighting between 10 and 22kg were used to evaluate the diaphragmatic muscle healing process. A defect of 8.0×5.5cm was created at the muscular portion of the left hemidiaphragm, through a thoracotomy at the eighth left intercostal space. A segment of bovine pericardium, preserved in 300% sugar solution, was implanted in the diaphragmatic defect. The heterologous implant was sutured with 3.0 polyamide using simple continuous suture. After the observation period, radiologic analysis and macroscopic and histopathologic evaluations were performed. Upon radiographic examination, there was no evidence of interruption of diaphragmatic outline or increased radiopacity at the implantation site. Histologically, fine connective tissue occluded the diaphragmatic defect. Bovine pericardium preserved in 300% supersaturated sugar solution at room temperature is replaced by a fine layer of connective fibrous tissue and promote repair of large diaphragmatic defects in dogs.

MÚSCULO DIAFRAGMA HOMÓLOGO CONSERVADO EM SOLUÇÃO SUPERSATURADA DE AÇÚCAR PARA REPARAÇÃO DE GRANDE DEFEITO NO DIAFRAGMA DE CÃO

The repair induced by an homologous muscular segment conserved in 300% supersaturated sugar solution on the diaphragmatic muscle of dogs was investigated. Nine adults mongrel dogs, three males, weights varying from 10.4 to 21.0kg, were used separated in three equally numbered denominated groups I, II and III. A defect was created, on the muscular portion of the right hemidiaphragm, with dimensions of 9.0 x 6.0cm, through thoracotomy in the 10th right intercostal space. The graft was sutured with thread poligalactin 910 3-0, by means of horizontal mattress suture, in an isolated pattern. The dogs were observed for a period of 30 days (subgroups I), 75 days (groups II) and 120 days (groups III) postoperatively. After this period, macroscopic observation and collection of samples for histologic evaluation were performed. It was verified in the animals of the subgroup I, partial substitution and in the subgroups II and III, total substitution of the muscular portion of the diaphragm. A fibrovascular tissue occluding the diaphragmatic defect was observed. With the postoperative evolution, a thin tissue, almost transparent, was identified. The segment of diaphragmatic muscle conserved in 300% supersaturated sugar solution, at room temperature, for repair of great defects in the diaphragmatic muscle of dogs was substituted by a fine layer of fibrous connective tissue.

Transposição do músculo reto do abdome para correção de defeito iatrogênico no diafragma em cães

With the objective of analyzing the use Rectus abdominis muscle flaps for repair of large diaphagmatic defects, when direct suture is impossible, six dogs underwent surgery. The Rectus ahdominis muscle was dissected up to its insertion and was introduced into the abdominal cavity through a paracostal incision. A defect of 4 x l0cm was created in the diaphragmatic muscle and the flap was sutured to the edges of the defect with horizontal mattres suture with 2-0 silk. Animais were clinically evaluated every day at the post-operative period. Biopsies and macroscopic observation were done at the 15th, 30th and 60th day. Connective tissue and hemorrhagic areas among the flap and the diaphragm, and granulation tissue with median maturity were observed in the biopsy material at the 15th day. At the 30th day, few granulation tissue among the muscles were observed. At the 60th day, there was mature granulation tissue. Adherence ocurred in the region of the implant with the liver, caudal pulmonar lobe, stomach and omentun. The Rectus abdominis muscle can be used to correct defects in the diaphragm with a complete tissue integration in the implanted region.

Reparação do diafragma de cães com segmento muscular homólogo ortotópico conservado em solução supersaturada de açúcar

The viability of tissular healing of a muscular homologous ortothopic diaphragmatic segment preserved in hipersaturated sugar solution at 300% was studied as an implant in the canine diaphragmatic muscle. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were used, four males, and eight females weighing 9 to 18kg. A diaphragmatic defect, measuring 4.0 ´ 4.5 cm, was provoked in the muscular portion of the diaphragm for the implantation of the homologous diaphragmatic muscle segment. Six animals were observed for 30 days after the surgery and the other six for 60 days. After this period, they were reoperated, for macroscopic observation and collection of samples for histologic evaluation. A partial replacement of the implant was observed in the 30-day observation group whereas in the 60-day group a total substitution of the diaphragmatic muscular portion by granulation tissue rich in collagen fibers had occurred, allowing the reconstruction of the diaphragm. The homologous diaphragmatic muscle segment preserved in 300%, satured sugar solution, at room temperature, was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. The implant did not present clinical and histological signs of rejection and therefore it can be used for the repair of diaphragmatic defects.

Restauração da traquéia de cães com membrana do cordão umbilical de bovinos conservada em glicerina

The viability of the use the bovine umbilical membrane preserved in 98% glycerin implanted in the cervical trachea was studied. Seven adult mongrel dogs, three males and four females weighting 6 to 14 kg, were used. After the usual anesthesia protocol and asseptic technique, three tracheal rings were partially removed for implantation of a segment of the umbilical membrane. The animals were observed during 30 days and then reoperated for macroscopic observations and for fragment collection for histological evaluation. It occurred a repair of the tracheal lesion, with formation of granulation tissue rich in collagen fibers linking the extremities of the tracheal cartilages. Epithelial migration over the tracheal surface was also seen. It is concluded that the segment of the bovine umbilical cord preserved in 98% glycerin can be used in the repair of tracheal defects. It offers a temporary support for granulation tissue formation and epithelization in the implanted area.

Alterações cardíacas, traqueais e flexurais em um terneiro da raça Jersey

A two-day old male Jersey calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFSM. The history included constant flexion of both anterior fetlocks and impossibility of standing up. A conservative treatment with PVC casts was installed. Casts were changed every 72 hours and their angle readjusted. The animal presented labored breathing with audible stridor, principally during and immediately after nursing. At the 28th day of treatment the calf suffered luxation of the right coxofemoral joint. Forty-eight hours later, the left side also was displaced. Due to the bilateral luxation and the increasing respiratory distress the animal was euthanatized on the 33rd day of treatment. At necropsy, in the heart was observed patency of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. The trachea had a luminal constriction with significant reduction of internal diameter on the initial four segments. The coxal fossa on both sides were considerably shallow.

Fígado: vascularização colateral após isquemia induzida por clampeamento da aorta torácica

The visual observation and identification of the vessels that irrigate the corporal tissues is greatly facilitated by using special staining dyes and vessel distenders, or by using a positive vascular contrast solution. In this research, lateral intercostal thoracotomy was performed on the eighth intercostal space in the left side of 22 dogs followed by clamping of thoracic aorta ± 1 cm cranial to the diaphragm. Ten dogs were then injected with the gelatin/aniline mixture, and the other 12 dogs were given a positive vascular contrast solution. In summary, following clamping of the thoracic aorta, arteries that irrigate the diaphragm, but not the liver, were identified.