Renita W. Marshall

Genomics and Potential Bioenergy Applications in the Developing World

The finite nature of fossil fuels and the associated effects of global climate change are forcing governments worldwide to seek alternative sources of energy. These alternatives must be renewable, sustainable, and cost-efficient. Biomass seems to represent an attractive alternative as it is carbon neutral and constantly being replenished by photosynthesis. The Brazilian biofuels experience based on sugarcane is a great example of how energy independence can be achieved (Potter 2008). Today, to secure their future energy needs, United States (US) and European (EU) leaders are outlining bioenergy targets loosely based on the Brazilian biofuels initiative (FAO 2008). This resulting global biofuels expansion will provide a welcomed market opportunity for developing nations, where the most favorable conditions for biofuels feedstock development are encountered, such as warm climate, affordable labor, and abundant natural resources. However, for these nations to fully take advantage of these opportunities, an appropriate sustainability framework needs to be developed, which takes into account some of the social, economic, environmental, and technological indicators for each region. Only such an enabling environment can promote access to reliable energy, which for centuries has been the driving force behind economic and social empowerment (Polack 2010).