Renlin Zhang

Influence of fuel injection timing and pressure on in-flame soot particles in an automotive-size diesel engine.

The current understanding of soot particle morphology in diesel engines and their dependency on the fuel injection timing and pressure is limited to those sampled from the exhaust. In this study, a thermophoretic sampling and subsequent transmission electron microscope imaging were applied to the in-flame soot particles inside the cylinder of a working diesel engine for various fuel injection timings and pressures. The results show that the number count of soot particles per image decreases by more than 80% when the injection timing is retarded from -12 to -2 crank angle degrees after the top dead center. The late injection also results in over 90% reduction of the projection area of soot particles on the TEM image and the size of soot aggregates also become smaller. The primary particle size, however, is found to be insensitive to the variations in fuel injection timing. For injection pressure variations, both the size of primary particles and soot aggregates are found to decrease with increasing injection pressure, demonstrating the benefits of high injection velocity and momentum. Detailed analysis shows that the number count of soot particles per image increases with increasing injection pressure up to 130 MPa, primarily due to the increased small particle aggregates that are less than 40 nm in the radius of gyration. The fractal dimension shows an overall decrease with the increasing injection pressure. However, there is a case that the fractal dimension shows an unexpected increase between 100 and 130 MPa injection pressure. It is because the small aggregates with more compact and agglomerated structures outnumber the large aggregates with more stretched chain-like structures.

Effect of Pilot Injection on Diesel Knock in a Small-Bore Optical Engine

Diesel knock is a phenomenon that generates undesirable noise and vibration that can be destructive to diesel engine structures and components for long-term operation. The diesel knock occurs when a large quantity of air-fuel is mixed prior to combustion when the ignition delay is long. This leads to a drastic pressure rise during the premixed phase of the combustion, which is followed by a pressure ringing. The main focus of this study is to examine effect of pilot injection on the pressure ringing and associated in-cylinder flame behaviour. In a single-cylinder small-bore optical engine, in-cylinder pressure measurement and high-speed imaging of the natural combustion luminosity have been performed. Results demonstrate that pilot injection helps reduce the in-cylinder pressure ringing by reducing the pressure rise rate of the main injection. Moreover, oscillation of the flames observed during the knocking events appears to diminish when the pilot injection is applied. How the pilot injection duration and timing affect the diesel knock behaviour is also discussed in detail.Copyright