Ricardo Ferreira Garcia

Desempenho de trator-implemento na cana-de-açúcar em sistemas de plantio direto e convencional

This research evaluated the performance of automated groups using slippage, tractor speed, and operational viability of planting sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in no-tillage (SPD) and conventional (PC) systems under different plant coverings. The experimental design was completely randomized, using three repetitions in a split-split plot. There were twenty four treatments: A1-SPD the sugarcane on sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea); a2-SPD the sugarcane on the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis); A3-PC the sugarcane on incorporated black mucuna (Stilozobium aterrimum); A4-PC the sugarcane (control); sub-plots: B1-FORD 8430 DT + two row crop planter; B2-FORD 8430 DT + three lines furrow opener; B3-FORD 5610 + two lines furrow opener; and, sub-sub-plots: C1 - first reduced gear, and C2 - second reduced gear. The research verified that the slippage and speed results for furrow opening operations for subsequent manual or sugarcane planting operations in direct planting system on plant covering without previous management with cutter or roll-knife were possible and equally efficient when compared to the operational costs due to a reduction in the direct planting of sugarcane.

Desempenho operacional de conjunto trator-recolhedora de feijão

The beans harvesting system has been optimized by improving the mechanisms and the machines used. The objectives of the optimization works have been studied to increase the performance, efficiency and safety of the machines and to get better product quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the operational performance of a tractor-harvester system for beans. The work was done using an automatic data acquisition system to acquire the torque and rotational velocity of the power take-off (PTO) and the system velocity. The processing capacity and the loss values were determined. The largest torque requirement, at 7 Hz PTO conditions, was 731 Nm, and the largest torque requirement, at the 9 Hz PTO conditions, was 907 Nm. The tractor-harvester system for beans showed, during field tests, a mean processing capacity of 0.85 kg s-1 for a production field condition of 0.22 kg m-2. The product was harvested at 13.6% moisture basis at a no-till area. At these conditions, it was found a total loss of 11.15%.

Programa computacional para aquisição de dados para avaliação de máquinas agrícolas

Data acquisition is one of the main problems that engineers and researchers face while testing agricultural machines, due to the high complexity of these machines. To analyze the performance of a machine, several variables need to be measured. The objective of this study was to develop an automatic data acquisition computer program for use in agricultural machine evaluation tests. The system was implemented using the LabVIEW software version 6i. Virtual instruments (VI) were developed for measuring data from the following sensors: load cell, torquimeter, rotational velocity meter and radar gun. The automatic data acquisition system developed showed, during the tests, capacity to present high precision results. It was found to be robust and versatile and has capacity to be combined in order to be used in different kinds of researches and conditions.

Simulação do comportamento dinâmico de um conjunto trator-colhedora de feijão

Bean crop is generally harvested in two steps in Brazil. In the first one the product is manually pulled out and in the second stage the product is picked-up, threshed and cleaned using a bean harvester. The harvesters are generally tractor pulled. The design optimization of these machines has been done by trial and error. In this paper, a simulation model is presented to analyze the dynamic performance of a tractor-harvester system for beans. A simulation model was developed using ADAMS version 10.0. The model includes tractor simulation and a soil/tyre interface, a power train and threshing and cleaning systems of the bean harvester. Finally, the dynamic performance of the tractor-harvester system for beans was evaluated using two modeling conditions. Comparing actual and simulated data, under the best conditions, the mean relative errors of 8.18, 5.85, 28.69 and 26.23%, respectively, for the forward speed, PTO rotational speed, PTO required torque and PTO required power were found. In another simulation condition, the mean relative error of 4.99% for the total feeding rate was observed.

Fatores que afetam a brotação e o perfilhamento da cana-de-açúcar

Currently, Brazil is the worlds largest producer of sugar cane. Various factors can interfere in the productivity and technological quality of sugar cane, which in the end, represent the integration of the different conditions to which the culture was exposed. Some of the most relevant aspects for good final yielding or stand of plants are related to planting practices. These practices directly affect the ability of sprouting and tillering of sugar cane. Based on a review of the literature, this article aims to report the various factors that can affect sprouting and tillering of sugar cane.

Factors that affect sprouting and tillering of sugar cane

* Engenheira Agronoma. Doutora em Producao Vegetal UENF. Professora EBTT IFTO campus Dianopolis, TO, Brasil. E-mail: carmen.manhaes@ifto.edu.br. ** Doutor em Engenharia Agricola pela Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV). Professor Associado do Laboratorio de Engenharia Agricola/LEAG UENF. E-mail: garcia@uenf.br. *** Engenheiro Agronomo. Doutorando em Producao Vegetal Laboratorio de Fitotecnia/LFIT UENF. E-mail: francelinofma@ yahoo.com.br. **** Licenciando em Ciencias Biologicas – UENF. E-mail: helenilsonoliveira1@hotmail.com. ***** Doutor em Fitotecnia pela Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV). Professor Associado do Laboratorio de Fitotecnia/LFIT UENF. E-mail: fccoelho@uenf.br. Atualmente o Brasil e o maior produtor de cana-de-acucar do mundo. Varios fatores podem interferir na produtividade e na qualidade tecnologica da cana-de-acucar, que, no final, representam a integracao das diferentes condicoes a que a cultura ficou sujeita. Alguns dos aspectos de maior importância para se ter boa produtividade final ou bom estande de plantas estao relacionados com as praticas de plantio. Essas praticas vao interferir diretamente na capacidade de brotacao e perfilhamento da cana-de-acucar. Este artigo objetivou relatar os varios fatores que afetam a brotacao e o perfilhamento da cana-de-acucar, utilizando para isto de uma revisao de literatura.

Caracterização estatística de variáveis usadas para ensaiar uma semeadora-adubadora em semeadura direta e convencional

The objective of this work was to statistically characterize variables such as wheels slip, theoretical and effective field capacity of a planter in direct (DS) and conventional sowing (CS) systems, based on the verification of the adjustment of a series of data to a statistical distribution, aiming for the best form of representation and values be adopted so that these variables be used in agricultural practices operations. The experiment in CS was done with a speed of 1.5 m s -1 with 190 repetitions, and the experiment in DS was done with 1.8 m s -1 and 58 repetitions. It was concluded that differing values were not detected, and the variables in study can be represented by the function density of normal probability (Gaussian distribution), and the variables can be used for its representations.

Simulation of the Dynamic of a Bean Harvester

In Brazil, beans are generally harvested in two stages, in the first one the product is dug manually and in the second stage the product is picked, threshed and cleaned using a bean combine. The combines used are generally pulled by a tractor. The design of these machines was done by trial and error. In this paper, a simulation model is presented to analyze the dynamic behavior of bean combines. The simulation model was developed using ADAMS version 10.0. This model included a soil/tire interface model, a power train simulation model and a threshing and cleaning models. Finally, an analysis of the combine dynamic behavior was done.

Consumo operacional de combustível de uma colheitadeira de cana-de-açúcar

Studies have shown that using higher operational capacity harvesters render less fuel consumption per harvested area and, as a result, less operating expenses. This paper aims to obtain the effective fuel consumption per hour of the CASE IH A4000 harvester during the mechanical harvest of raw sugar cane. The study took place in a sugar cane plantation with mechanical harvest in an area belonging to a producer for Coagro (Cooperativa Agroindustrial do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Ltda.) (Agroindustrial Cooperative of the State of Rio de Janeiro), in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The variety of sugar cane was evaluated at RB867515 in its third cut. The system of automatic data acquisition was built from a volumetric flow sensor to determine the fuel flow, in addition to a data collector (Datalogger) and a global positioning system (GPS) device. To determine the fuel consumption per hour, data from the fuel flow sensor were used. The consumption per hour of fuel was 33.9 L.h-1. The effective consumption was estimated in 1.84 L. ton-1. The consumption per hour and the effective consumption of the CASE IH A4000 were more than double of what the manufacturers stipulated, which means, the consumption is much higher than desirable.

INFLUÊNCIA DO SISTEMA DE CULTIVO NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DO FEIJÃO XODÓ (phaseolus vulgaris L )

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar dois sistemas de cultivos para cultura do feijoeiro. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com doze repeticoes. A variedade utilizada foi a BR1 Xodo. O experimento foi realizado numa area de 50 m x 60 m, sendo esta dividida em duas areas de 27 m x 47 m, sendo cada uma com um sistema de cultivo. Em cada area, foram demarcadas e georeferenciadas doze parcelas de 15 m x 6 m, com 1 m separando as parcelas, representando 12 repeticoes por area. No sistema 1 nao houve irrigacao e controle de plantas daninhas foi realizado por meio de capinas. O sistema 2 foi irrigado, adubado e o controle de plantas daninhas feito por meio de herbicidas. Alem disso, realizou-se a subsolagem e aplicacao de molibdenio. A adocao do sistema de cultivo 2 aumentou em 81,15% a produtividade do feijao Xodo.