Ricardo Miguel Penchel

Desempenho radicular de mudas de eucalipto produzidas em diferentes recipientes e substratos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance after the planting of eucalyptus stecklings, produced in different containers and substrates, with emphasis in root production and deformations. The stecklings were produced in tubes (50 cm3) and in pressed blocks (40 x 60 x 7cm -16800 cm3), and used as substrates: carbonized rice husk and eucalyptus husk; sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane filter cake; and peat. At ninety days the stecklings were transplanted to plastic bags (20 L), with soil from the planting area. This experiment was set in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 7factorial, constituted by two clones (natural hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. saligna Smith) and seven treatments, with variation of containers and substrates, with four replicates, constituted by four plants. At two months, the cuttings were evaluated considering their root collar diameter, height, number, length and superficial area of emitted roots, and system root deformations. The plants originated of stecklings produced in pressed blocks presented better performance than the tubes ones. The root deformations caused by containers persist after the nursery stage.

Mudas de eucalipto produzidas a partir de miniestacas em diferentes recipientes e substratos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna natural hybrid minicuttings, produced in tubes (50cc) and pressed blocks (40x60x7cm). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x7 factorial arrangement (2 clones and 7 treatments) with four replicates (192 minicuttings), in the Aracruz nursery, from July to September 2002. The following substrates were tested; carbonized rice husk + eucalyptus bark (AR), sugarcane bagasse + sugarcane filter cake (BT) and peat (T), for steckling production in two types of containers. The stecklings were evaluated for stem diameter and height, leaf area, shoot dry matter. The BT substrate in tubes did not give good results, different from when it was used in the pressed block system. The stecklings produced in pressed block system gave higher growth speed.

Efeito das variações biométricas de mudas clonais de eucalipto sobre o crescimento no campo

This work aimed to evaluate the height and root collar diameter effects of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla cuttings on the growth after planting in the Aracruz-ES, Mucuri-BA, Montanha-ES and Carlos Chagas-MG sites. The selected classes were: high cuttings with thick root collar diameter (AG), high cuttings with averaged size diameter (AM), average height with thick diameter ( MG), average height and average diameter (MM) , low cutting with average size diameter (PM) and low cutting with fine diameter roots (PF). The values of the classes were: height- A (31-40 cm), M (21-30 cm) and P (10-20 cm); root collar diameter- G (3.1-4.0 cm), M (2.1-3.0 mm) and F (1.5-2.0 mm). The cuttings, 90 days after transplanting to tubes, were taken as hardened and outplanted. The evaluations were in height (A), diameters (D) were measured at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. Leaf dry mass, wood, bark, branches and fine, average size and thick roots were evaluated at the 6th month. Higher and thicker cutting presented higher initial growth, although the differences showed decreasing values over time. Carlos Chagas showed the worst growth conditions.

Condutividade hidráulica de raiz e capacidade fotossintética de mudas clonais de eucalipto com indução de deformações radiculares

The gain reduction of wood biomass in trees has been assigned to root deformations even in the nursery phase. The objective of this work was the evaluation of the root system hydraulic conductivity, gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of eucalypt clonal cuttings with and without root deformation inductions. The treatments were: 1) operational cuttings without root malformation inductions (grown according to the used methodology of Fibria Cellulose S.A.); 2) root deformation inductions. These inductions did not promote decrease in the root volume. However, the deformations brought reduction of the root system hydraulic conductivity. Lower photosynthetic rates were also observed along the day in the cuttings in the root deformed cuttings. This decreasing rate is connected to stomatal and non stomatal factors.

Outplanting performace of eucalyptus clonal cuttings produced in different containers and substrates

The objective of this work was to evaluate the outplanting growth of Eucalyptus grandis e E. saligna clones, produced by cuttings in tubes (50cm 3 ) and in pressed blocks (40x60x07cm) - 175 cm 3 / seedlings, with different substrates (BT - sugarcane bagasse+sugarcane filter cake; AR - carbonized rice hull + eucalyptus bark; TF - peat). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2x7 factorial (2 clones and 7 treatments), with four replicates with 25 plants. Survival was evaluated two months later . Plant growth was monitored through height and ground level diameter at 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 days after outplanting. To evaluate the effect of the containers on stem and root biomass in both clones, 180 days after outplanting, the cuttings grown in BT substrate with fertilizer were selected. One plant per plot of each clone, grown in tubes and in pressed blocks was selected. The E. grandis and E. saligna cuttings grown in pressed blocks with sugarcane bagasse+sugarcane filter cake presented greater height and diameter after out planting. Both clones presented larger root, bark, log and branch biomass production in plants produced in the block system. Cuttings of E. saligna grown in pressed blocks showed 80% most wood biomass 180 days after outplanting, compared to that grown in tubes. In E. grandis, the differences in diameter and height, in function of the cutting production system, decreased along time, while in E. saligna these differences increased along the evaluation period.

INFLUENCE OF WATER DEFICIT AND SEASON ON BIOMASS YIELD FROM CLONAL STANDS OF EUCALYPTUS

This study aimed to analyze the influence of different levels of water deficit (DH) on initial seedling development of six clonal stands of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla in two seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted in the experimental site of UFES, in the municipality of Jeronimo Monteiro (ES), over two seasons: from February 9, 2009 to June 9, 2009 (season 1) and from July 11, 2009 to November 7, 2009 (season 2). In all experimental treatments, the first 30 days consisted of acclimating seedlings to the soils, which were thus irrigated. DH levels used in the experiment included: D0 - no water deficit; D1 - 90 days of water deficit; D2 - 60 days of water deficit followed by resumed irrigation for 30 days; D3 - 30 days of irrigation and 60 days of water deficit. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design, in subdivided plots (2x4), with four (4) levels of water deficit in the plot and two (2) seasons in the subplots, using three replications. Data on total dry matter of leaves, stem and branches, and root were subjected to analysis of variance and, if found significant, means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The environmental conditions of season 1 favored dry matter yield from both clonal stands, while season 2, having milder climate conditions, failed to favor potential growth of seedlings, even with irrigation conditions being satisfactory. Different levels of water deficit gradually reduced dry matter yield, yet without following a pattern of reduction.