Ricardo Monteiro Corrêa

Yield and composition of essential oil of lemongrass in different drying and fragmentation conditions

In this study the drying and fragmentation conditions of lemongrass leaves were determined, to increase the essential oil yield. Four replications of six treatments were studied with 2 drying methodologies (oven-drying at 40oC and room temperature using moisture dryer) and 3 fragmentation sizes (powder obtained in mill, 1 cm and 20 cm fragments). The essential oil was extracted in Clevengers modified apparatus during 2 hours. The higher essential oil yield and citral content was obtained with the leaves dried under room temperature using moisture dryer, with no significant differences in the fragmentation sizes.

Crescimento, teor e composição do óleo essencial de melissa cultivada sob malhas fotoconversoras

The use of color shading nets for cultivation of some ornamentals and vegetables has become common. Thus, observing the great influence of the solar radiation on the plant physiology, the objective of this research was to evaluate the the quantity and quality effects of spectral light transmitted through color shading nets (Chromatinet®) in Melissa officinalis L., including physiological aspects as:growth ,content and chemistry composition. Four treatments and five replications were disposed in a completely randomized design, being each experimental unit composed by four pots (one plant per pot). The treatments were lemon balms plants cultivated under full sunshine, black shading net (50%), red shading net (50%) and blue shading net (50%). The characteristics evaluated were: plants height; dry phytomass of leaves, stems, aerial part, roots and total; root/aerial part ratio; total leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf weight ratio; specific leaf area; content, yield and composition of the essential oil. The utilization of nets favored the growth organs dry phytomass yield, independently of the color, in comparison with total sun light. Plants under red shading had lower content of essential oil and yield, but they showed the higher content of citral.

Rendimento de óleo essencial e caracterização organoléptica de folhas de assa-peixe submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem

O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes) e muito utilizado na medicina popular em casos de contusoes, hemorroidas, infeccoes do utero e bronquite. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento de oleo essencial e caracterizar organolepticamente folhas de assa-peixe submetidas a diferentes metodos de secagem. Entre os metodos de secagem avaliados, a secagem natural a sombra, em secador solar e mista (sol e sombra) foram os metodos que apresentaram maiores teores de oleo. O rendimento de materia seca de folhas de assa-peixe, apos os diferentes metodos de secagem, encontrou-se ao redor de 27,7 a 30,1%. Em todos os metodos de secagem, a cor predominante da face adaxial das folhas de assa-peixe conservou-se verde-escura e da face abaxial verde-clara. No tocante ao odor, observou-se que a secagem a sombra conservou melhor o aroma caracteristico das folhas de V. polyanthes.

Tipos e doses de adubação orgânica no crescimento, no rendimento e na composição química do óleo essencial de elixir paregórico

The organic fertilization provides nutrients for the plants, improves the soil physical structure, increases the water retention, reduces the erosion losses and favors the biological control. Ocimum selloi is a native medicinal plant of south and southeast of Brazil where is used popularly as antidiarrhetic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. This research aimed to verify the effect of different doses of two organic fertilizers souces in O. selloi growth, essential oil yield and chemical composition. The experiments were carried out in Lavras, MG, with pots in polyethylene greenhouse with two manuring treatments: Test A - Cattle manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 3kg m-2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6kg m-2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9kg m-2 cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12kg m-2 cattle manure; Test B - Chicken manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 1.5kg m-2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3 kg m-2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5kg m-2 chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6kg m-2 chicken manure. The influence of cattle and chicken manuring doses was verified on plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass weight, TLA, SLA, LWR, chlorophylls content, leaf thickness, essential oil yield and composition.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester effects in the kidney during ischemia and reperfusion in rats anesthetized with isoflurane.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane (iso). METHODS We randomly assigned 26 male Wistar rats anesthetized with isoflurane, intubated and mechanically ventilated to 3 groups: G1 (controls; n = 8), G2 (CAPE; n = 10), and G3 (ethanol; n = 8). Mean arterial pressure was monitored for anesthetic control. Intraperitoneal CAPE (G2) or ethanol (G3) injections were administered 40 minutes before left renal ischemia. All animals underwent right nephrectomy and the left kidney was submitted to ischemia for 25 minutes. Serum creatinine (cr) values were determined at the beginning (M1), end (M2), and 24 hours after the experiment (M3) upon intracardiac blood samples. The left kidney was removed for histologic analysis, using a scale for tubular necrosis (0-5, injury maximum). Statistical analysis was applied to serum creatinine and histological score injury considering statistical differences to be significant when P < .05. RESULTS The cr values in the CAPE were significantly higher at M2 (0.8 mg/mL; P = .0012) and M3 (3.7 mg/mL; P = .0014) than the control (0.5 and 0.9 mg/mL) or G3 (0.6 and 1.0 mg/mL), respectively. Histologic examination showed the CAPE group to display more pericapsular tubular necrosis (3.0 [2.0; 3.0]) than the G1 group (2.0 [1.0; 2.0]) or G3 group (1.5 [1.0; 2.0]; P < .001). The CAPE group displayed more medullary tubular necrosis (2.0 [2.0; 3.0] than G1 (2.0 [1.0; 2.0] or G3 (1.0 [0.0; 2.0]; P < .001). CONCLUSION CAPE promoted greater functional and anatomic renal injury when rats were anesthetized with iso than control or ethanol groups, as demonstrated by histologic analysis and serum values.

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. in vitro sob influência do meio de cultura

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do meio de cultura no teor e composicao quimica do oleo essencial de Melissa officinalis, foi realizado o presente trabalho, que avaliaram tres concentracoes do meio de cultura MS. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete repeticoes, e cada repeticao foi representada por uma amostra de 20 g de plântulas frescas. A extracao do oleo foi realizada em aparelho de Clevenger modificado com duracao de 1h e 30 min. e a analise quimica foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa. Observou-se que o teor e a composicao quimica do oleo essencial de M. officinalis foram influenciados pela concentracao de sais do meio MS. As plântulas que se desenvolveram nos meios MS e MS/4 apresentaram maior teor de oleo essencial, e os componentes majoritarios foram o geranial (25,23 e 16,21%, respectivamente) e o neral (24,5 e 20,53%, respectivamente). Ja o componente majoritario presente no oleo de plântulas de melissa cultivadas em meio MS/2 foi o acetato de nerila (18,69%).

Seasonal Variation in Essential Oils of Lychnophora pinaster Mart.

Abstract The hydrodistilled essential oil from aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Plants were collected at 3-month intervals in a completely randomized design with six repetitions and the data was analyzed at the level of 5% of probability by Tukeys test. There was a significant difference for oil contents in the different seasons. The lowest oil content was obtained in the summer (about 50% inferior to the other seasons). Methyl (E)-cinnamate was obtained as the major compound (86–90%) of the 14 identified components.

Densidade de plantas e métodos de colheita na multiplicação de batata-semente em vasos

The limited volume of substrate might reduce tuber multiplication rates when production is carried out in pots. The results of potato seed tubers multiplication in pots are presented in this publication, taking into account different plant densities and harvest methods. Experiments were carried out in an aphid-proof screenhouse, with 3 L pots, using virus-free seedlings previously acclimatized. In the first experiment, cultivars Monalisa and Agata, and two harvest systems were evaluated (single destructive and sequential 30-day intervals non-destructive harvests) in two seasons, namely spring/summer and autumn/winter. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six replications, four-pot plots and one seedling per pot. In the second experiment, potato seedlings from cultivar Monalisa were transplanted to pots according to the density treatments, from 1 to 5 seedlings per pot (25 to 125 plants m-2). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications and four-pot plots. Larger tuber yield per plant was obtained under non-destructive harvest for both cultivars. Instead, larger tuber length and fresh weight were observed in the single destructive harvest. Cultivar Agata outyielded cultivar Monalisa in number of tubers, although the latter produced longer and heavier tubers. Regarding plant density, each additional plant per pot (0.04 m2 per plant), yielded 2.69 extra tubers per plant) (67.25 tubers m-2) in the spring/summer experiment and 4.36 extra tubers (109 tubers m-2) in the winter experiment. Nevertheless, the increase in density led to an average decrease of 3.20 g in tuber fresh weight per additional plant. In the spring/summer experiment, plant density had no significant influence on tuber fresh weight.

Potencial do carvão ativado, filtro amarelo e interação fotoperíodo/temperatura na formação de raízes tuberosas de batata-doce in vitro

In this present work the activated charcoal potential, yellow filter and photoperiod/temperature interaction in vitro on the formation of structures like tuber roots of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas L. Lam were evaluated. The experiment with activated charcoal was carried out in glass culture, each tube with 10ml of culture medium. The experiments with yellow filter and photoperiod/temperature were carried out in glass jars content each 15 and 30ml of medium of culture respectivy. The culture medium used in the treatments was the MS. In these three experiments carried out the number of structures like tuber roots dry matter of roots and aerial parts were evaluated. In relation to the activated charcoal, its presence associated with naphthalene acetic acid, benzylaminopurine and kinetin did not induce the formation of structures like tuber roots and reached proportioned low dry matter in both roots and aerial parts. In relation to the yellow filter, its presence associated with growth regulators (naphthalene acetic acid, benzylaminopurine and kinetin) proportioned larger formation of structures like tuber roots, high dry matter of roots and aerial part. The photoperiod (8, 10 and 12 hours of light) associated with temperature (15oC) proportioned low formation of structures like tuber roots, low dry matter of roots and aerial part.

Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition of Lippia gracilis Schauer Cultived in the Sub-meddle São Francisco Valley

Abstract Lippia gracilis is a native species of the Caatinga, whose leaves have significant potential for economic use by chemical and pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol. Considering the lack of agronomic data for the species, especially for semi-arid conditions where it is possible to find natural populations, the aim of this work was to assess the effects of drought and different doses of organic fertilization in biomass production and content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments that consisted of presence and absence of organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer and irrigation. The analyzed variables after 120 days of culture were: total length until the last leaf, fresh weight of aerial parts with stem, leaf dry weight and fresh weight, content and chemical composition of essential oil, and moisture. In the conditions where this study was conducted, it was observed that the organic and mineral fertilization and irrigation positively influenced the production of biomass and essential oil content. However, cultivation methods did not significantly affect the chemical composition of essential oils, which shows the hardiness of the species to changes in availability of water and nutrients.