Richard C. Dorf

The handbook of ad hoc wireless networks

INTRODUCTION Body, Personal, and Local Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Marco Conti Multicasting Techniques in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Xiao Chen and Jie Wu Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Satyabrata Chakrabarti, and Amitabh Mishra Power-Conservative Designs in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Yu-Chee Tseng and Ting-Yu Lin Performance Analysis of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Anurag Kumar and Aditya Karnik WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES Coding for the Wireless Channel, Ezio Biglieri Unicast Routing Techniques for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Roberto Beraldi and Roberto Baldoni Satellite Communications, Matthew Sadiku WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND PROTOCOLS Wireless Communication Protocols, Pascal Lorenz An Integrated Platform for Ad Hoc GSM Cellular Communications, George N. Aggelou IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth: An Architectural Overview, Sal Yazbeck ROUTING TECHNIQUES IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS - PART I Position-Based Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Jorg Widmer, Martin Mauve, Hannes Hartenstein, and Holger Fubler Structured Proactive and Reactive Routing for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Ahmed Safwat, Hossam Hassanein, and Hussein Mouftah Hybrid Routing: The Pursuit of an Adaptable and Scalable Routing Framework for Ad Hoc Networks, Prince Samar, Marc R. Pearlman, and Zygmunt Haas ROUTING TECHNIQUES IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS - PART II Adaptive Routing in Ad Hoc Networks, Yantai Shu, Oliver Yang, and Lei Wang Position Based Ad Hoc Routes in Ad Hoc Networks, Silvia Giordano and Ivan Stojmenovic Route Discovery Optimization Techniques in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Boon-Chong Seet, Bu-Sung Lee, and Chiew-Tong Lau APPLICATIONS OF AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS Location-Aware Routing and Applications in Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Yu-Chee Tseng and Chih-Sun Hsu Mobility Over TCP/IP, Jose Ferreira de Rezende, Michele Lima, and Nelson Fonseca An Intelligent On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks, Kuochen Wang and Chaou-Tang Chang GPS-based Reliable Routing Algorithms in Ad Hoc Networks, Young-Joo Suh, Won-Ik Kim, and Dong-Hee Kwon POWER MANAGEMENT IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS Power-Aware Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Ahmed Safwat, Hossam Hassanein, and Hussein Mouftah Energy Efficient Multicast in Ad Hoc Networks, Hee Yong Youn, Chansu Yu, Ben Lee, and Sangman Moh Energy-Conserving Grid Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Jang-Ping Sheu, Cheng-Ta Hu, and Chi-Min Chao Routing Algorithms for Balanced Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Networks, Hee Yong Youn, Chansu Yu, and Ben Lee CONNECTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS An Efficient Resource Discovery Algorithm for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Jiangchuan Liu, Kazem Sohraby, Qian Zhang, and Bo Li An Integrated Platform for Quality-of-Service Support in Mobile Multimedia Clustered Ad Hoc Networks, George N. Aggelou Quality of Service Models for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Xiao Hannan, Chua Kee Chaing, and Seah Winston Scheduling of Broadcasts in Multihop Wireless Networks, Jang-Ping Sheu, Pei-Kai Hung, and Chih-Shun Hsu SECURITY AND PRIVACY ASPECTS IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks - A Survey, Amitabh Mishra and Ketan M. Nadkarni Securing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Panagiotis Papadimitratos and Zygmunt Haas Security Issues in Ad Hoc Networks, Dan Zhou

Design of a robust controller for a grinding system

Grinding is a process that is often used in the manufacture of precision components. Variations in position, velocity, and force trajectories can affect part quality by changing part surface finish, geometry, and process material removal rate. Thus, controlling the position, velocity, and force is critical to achieving a high quality product from the grinding process. In designing a compensator for a robust force controlled grinding system, several constraints must be considered. It is critical that the normal grinding force is decoupled from the tangential feed velocity of the system. Therefore, two separate control loops are designed; a standard feed velocity loop and a force loop. Besides decoupling the force and velocity, a variety of other system performance specifications must be achieved. To aid in the design of the control loops, several parametric plots are used to visualize the effects of various control parameters on the closed-loop system dynamics as well as the coupling of the two loops.

Analytic PIDA controller design technique for a third order system

In this paper a new analytical design technique for a proportional, integral, derivative and acceleration (PIDA) controller is presented to satisfy specifications for transient and steady state response of a third order control system. The PIDA controller values are analytically calculated by equating two characteristic equations: one is formed from desired root locations with specifications based on the design criteria, and another one is formed from the nominal control structure. Thus the calculation of values of the controller is so simple. The PIDA controller designs for different third order plant models are shown to illustrate the benefits of the proposed techniques. The proposed controller design techniques are also employed to show the practicality of the technique for controlling AC motor system models.

Designing the virtual enterprise

The virtual enterprise integrates business components located in multiple locations using technological aids for business communication. All enterprises seek to optimize the use of business resources, including communication technologies, in order to achieve maximum total utility for the enterprise. A business design process is proposed which may enable the enterprise to attain the optimum use of resources in the pursuit of the virtual enterprise.

Wind and Solar Energy

A large amount of power is contained in the movement of air in the form of wind. The mechanical devices that are used to convert kinetic energy in the wind into useful shaft power are known as windmills, wind machines, or wind turbines. The advantages of using wind energy are: it does not deplete natural resources; it is nonpolluting, making no demands upon the environment beyond the comparatively modest use of land area; and it uses cost-free fuel. These advantages must be weighed against the disadvantages: wind is an intermittent source of energy and the total system costs are high when an energy storage system is included. The cost of wind generated electricity is now comparable to the average cost of generation from conventional sources. Wind-electric system (WES) is a wind machine and an electric generator.

‘KARMA’ — a Knowledge-Based Robot Manipulation system

Industrial robots can be instructed to perform their tasks with specialized robot programming languages, manual manipulation or teaching pendants. These methods are only satisfactory at best. KARMA is a new approach to robot instruction. By incorporating intelligence into the programming system, the user need only tell KARMA what job the robot is to perform. KARMA will communicate with the user as necessary for clarification of ambiguous or incomplete information. Unlike typical programming languages, KARMA does not require the monotonous details of how to accomplish the task, deducing a plan by using its knowledge base and inference mechanism. The concept is known as knowledge-based systems and has been adapted from artificial intelligence.

Sustainable and Appropriate Technologies

This chapter discusses the sustainable and appropriate technologies. Sustainable development was defined as economic growth to meet the needs of the people living today, without compromising the possibility for the future generations to support themselves. It recognized that there is a very real conflict between meeting the needs and desires of the five and a half billion people then alive (already more than six billion) and the possibility of satisfying the nine to ten billion people expected to be living on earth by the middle of the next century. Appropriate technology can be used for energy, food, health care, sanitation, transportation, and for meeting other needs. Water wheels, wind generators, and photovoltaics produce electrical energy. A major reason for using appropriate technology is that it provides goods, services, and jobs that will not be provided in any other way. No company or organization will be able to invest enough in high-technology factories in the developing countries to provide sufficient jobs.

Chapter 19 – Materials and Manufacturing

Materials and energy are the resource inputs to manufacturing processes as well as throughout the supply chain of a company. The materials intensity of a product may be measured in the total materials used to produce one product unit. Similarly, the energy intensity is the energy used to produce one product unit. Energy and materials are inputs to the process and the desired output is the product to be sold. Six factors that can be considered for reduction in the manufacturing process are: material intensity, energy intensity, amount of waste not recycled or reused, amount of depleting resources used, service intensity, and health and environmental risk. The goal is to design energy efficient products that can be manufactured with energy efficient methods. Remanufacturing is the process of reconditioning a part or module so that it is suitable for use in a new product. A subassembly or module is taken apart, cleaned, and reconditioned so that it can be used again.

Managerial and economic barriers and incentives to the commercialization of solar energy technologies

Abstract This paper considers the emerging solar industry with emphasis on the active solar systems industry. Active solar systems use thermal collectors, pumps, storage devices and associated equipment to provide hot water and space-heating. Solar systems can provide an important portion of the nations energy in the future. However, diffusion of these technologies will require several years or decades depending upon the innovation characteristics of the systems. The innovation characteristics of active solar systems are measured, in part, by economic measures, reliability, and communicability of the qualities of the system among others. The active solar systems industry is characterized as emerging, struggling, underfinanced and diverse. A questionnaire and interview survey of 97 solar industry firms was accomplished. Based on the survey results it is recommended that while the government continue incentive tax credits, the industry develop itself as a strong, high-quality industry through the emergence of industry leaders dependent upon improved manufacturing process innovation.

Energy, Environment, Economy, and Society

Energy is no less crucial to the environmental dimensions of human well-being than to the economic ones. Energy use and environmental problems are strongly interrelated. Energy systems are critical to the economy of nations and are slow to change. At the same time, environmental issues are critical to energy planning because environmental constraints and the costs of coping with them are as important as resource scarcity or the monetary costs of energy technology. Investments in energy efficiency are the most cost-effective way to simultaneously reduce the risks of climate change, oil import interruption, and local air pollution, and to improve the productivity of the economy. Energy and economics interact directly through supply and demand, prices, and capital investments.