Rinaldy Dalimi

Vegetable oil based biodiesel feedstock potential in Indonesia

Biodiesel is a renewable energy that comes from natural biodiesel feedstock, such as vegetable oil, animal fat, waste oil, algae, etc. It becomes one of the best alternative solutions for global fossil fuel energy crisis, because it has similar characteristic with diesel oil (petrodiesel). This paper presents the Indonesian potential of vegetable oil based biodiesel feedstock from many potential crops. The objective is to give the perspective for the decision maker and other researchers to give more attention on development of this energy. There are several potential vegetable oil based biodiesel feedstock, i.e. palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, jatropha, Reutalis Trisperma, etc. But to obtain the most effective biodiesel feedstock for biodiesel production, many issues should be concerned, its productivity (ton/ha/year), biodiesel potential (liter/ha/yr), the national supply, competition with food, International market price, efficiency of biodiesel oil conversion and resistance of its crop to weather-climate changing and pests. Therefore, Jatropha, Reutalis Trisperma and Palm Oil are the best vegetable oil based biodiesel feedstock for Indonesia.

Packet loss analysis in finite buffer with ATDMA single channel output scheme for broadband PLC network

Broadband PLC network is potentially used to deploy synchrophasor-sensor network in monitoring and distributedly controlling the electric power distribution network in order to accelerate power grid into smart grid transform. However, data traffic characteristic is largely affected by either electric power system dynamics or electric power load variation. Therefore, the statistical data information of network condition is an important issue of electric power distribution network. However, measly research is working out of this area [17]. Hence, this paper proposes data traffic from the entire node sensors arriving at intermediate buffer as a queuing model which is approached by Batch Markov Arrival Process (BMAP), and is analyzed as packet loss queuing in finite buffer. Single channel output transmission of the buffer is viewed as single server of queue within Asynchronous Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) scheme. The finite buffer size affects data packet loss. The severe packet loss occurs whenever the data packet arrived continuously at a full buffer. Based on our simulation for arrival rate 30 up to 35 Mbps, it shows that at buffer capacity of 4 MB and 16 MB, data packet-loss probability arises rapidly within 3.0 % and 0.08 %, respectively. The large data packet loss probability occurs when the arrival rate quite heavy, about 48 to 49 Mbps, in such conditions increasing buffer capacity offers very small improvement to packet loss.

The Calculation Method and Potential of Energy Saving in Energy Labeling Program for Indonesia

Implementation of Energy labeling program is one of the efforts for stimulating the producers of electricity equipment to produce an efficient energy consume, which is compared to other products. As the result, it will create a competition between producers. The competition will be exist if every customer, before buying, asking about the energy label of the electricity equipment which is going to buy, and do not buying it if no energy label on it.

Concept development for quantification of integrated energy security

Energy security is one of the important factors for energy policy of the country. However, there are many concepts offered by the researchers on energy security, leading to such a diverse and complicated interpretation. Here we develop a novel concept which elaborates the global perspectives. It is realized through a deep evaluation on energy security evolution, followed by a philosophical study of the subject matter and sight of view of energy security, resulting in an integrated energy security theory. The concept is applied to quantify energy security of Indonesia. The operational concept is a set of measurement instruments consisting of 7 dimensions, 31 indicators and 97 sub-components using dynamic programming algorithm. The result of this study provides an approximated number reflecting the aggregate index of energy security.

DAMPAK PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA (KAJIAN JASA LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI PENYERAP KARBON)

Plumbum merupakan polutan udara utama di udara perkotaan selain sulphur dioksida (SO 2 ), partikulat tersuspensi (suspended particulate matter), nitrogen oksida (NO X ), dan karbon monoksida (CO). Dampak paparan Pb terhadap kesehatan adalah kerusakan ginjal, hipertensi, anemia, kerusakan saraf pusat, perubahan tingkah laku, gangguan fertilitas, keguguran janin, menurunkan IQ anak serta memghambat pembentukan Hemoglobin. Mengetahui hubungan tingkat paparan plumbum dengan profil darah pada petugas operator SPBU di Kota Semarang Timur. Metode, penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan 39 sampel. Variabel independen penelitian kadar plumbum dalam darah, variabel dependen profil darah dan variabel pengganggu riwayat sakit, intake energi, protein, vitamin B12, asam folat, vitamin C, riwayat sakit, kebiasaan minum teh, pemakaian obat, pemkaian APD, kebiasaan merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. Hasil penelitian, retata kadar Pb darah adalah 13,35 µg/dl, profil darah mencakup kadar Hb, leukosit, trombosit, hematokrit, eritrosit, MCV, MCH, MCHC masih dalam batas normal, variabel plumbum dalam darah berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin dan kadar hematokrit. Kesimpulan, kadar plumbum dalam darah di atas normal merupakan faktor risiko menurunkan kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit masing-masing 1,388 kali dan 1,58 dibandingkan dengan kadar plumbum dalam darahnya normal . Saran, dalam bekerja sebaiknya petugas SPBU menggunakan APD (masker) untuk mengurangi paparan plumbum dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor, dan melakukan pemantauan kesehatan yang teratur dengan interval tertentu (minimal 1 tahun sekali).Badan Lingkungan Hidup adalah lembaga Pemerintah yang menangani permasalahan pengelolaan sampah, salah satu masalah kesehatan pada pekerja adalah infeksi cacing, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah Worms (STH). Yang paling penting dari cacing ini adalah cacing gelang ( Ascaris lumbricoides ), cacing tambang ( Ancylostoma duodenale dan Necator americanus ) dan cacing cambuk ( Trichuris trichiura ). Infeksi cacing terjadi pada orang yang sering tidak menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) saat bekerja di tempat sampah dan disertai dengan kebersihan pribadi yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan kebersihan diri dengan kejadian infeksi cacing pada pekerja sampah di kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional . Subyek penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ( non random sampling ) purposive sampling . Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 44 petugas sampah. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dengan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dari sampah terhadap adanya infeksi cacing dari petugas sampah untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian penyakit. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dengan kejadian infeksi cacing (p = 0.289), dan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kebersihan diri dengan kejadian infeksi cacing (p = 0,015). Sehingga kesimpulannya, tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan alat pelindung diri dengan infeksi cacing pada petugas sampah dan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi cacing dengan personal hygiene pada petugas sampah di kota Yogyakarta.