Rita da Trindade Ribeiro Nobre Soares

Utilização do alho (Allium sativum L.) como promotor de crescimento de frangos de corte

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate garlic in broilers diets as growth promoter. In the first experiment 480 one day old chicks, sexed, were distributed in six treatments with eight replicates (four with males and four with females), with ten birds each. The treatments were: basal diet with corn , soybean meal and dicalcium phosphaate (RB1), RB1 + 0.2% garlic; RB1 + 0.4%garlic; RB1 + 0.6%garlic, RB1 + 0.01% lincomicin and RB1 + 0.0025% zinc bacitracin. In the second experiment 240 one day old chicks were distributed in three treatments with eight replicates (four with males and four with females), and ten birds each. The treatments were: basal diet with corn, soybean meal and bone and meat meal (RB2), RB2 + 0.2% garlic and RB2 + 0.4%garlic. In the third experiment 120 females broilers were used, raised up to 42 days of age, distributed in three treatments, as described for the second experiment. In all experiments feed intake, weight gain and feed convertion rate were evaluated. In the first and second experiments small intestine weight was also evaluated. There were no significant effects of tratments on the evaluated charactheristics in the three experiments. The birds presented normal performance, suggesting that the conditions they were raised were not suitable to get response due the utilization of growth promotors.

Exigência de lisina para codornas japonesas em postura

Three hundred 49-days old Japanese female quails, averaging 138.0g, were used to estimate the requirement of digestible lysine level for Japanese quail in completely randomized block design with five replicates of ten females per experimental unit. The treatment consisted six levels of digestible lysine (0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30%) and the analyzed traits were rate of egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed consumption: weight gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs), final body weight (g) and shell percentage (%). No signicant effect of treatments on final body weight (g) was observed, but there was quadratic effect for egg production (%), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs) and linear effect on shell egg (%) and feed intake (g). The estimated requirements of digestible lysine for laying Japanese quail was 1.117% of the diet, corresponding to a daily intake of 254 mg of digestible lysine.

Exigência de metionina mais cistina para codornas japonesas em postura

Three hundred and sixty 45-days old female quails, averaging 137.0 g, were used during four experimental periods of 28 days each. A completely randomized block design, with six replicates and ten females per experimental unit, was used to study the digestible methionine plus cystine requirement and the best digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio (0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 and 0.85), on the rate of eggs production (%), egg weight (g), eggs mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed consumption: weight gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs), body weight (g) and shell percentage (%). No significant effect of treatments on feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs). Quadratic effects were observed for final body weight (g), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and shell egg (%), and for feed intake (g) the effect was linear. The estimated digestible methionine plus cystine requirement was .727%, for a daily intake of 164 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine, and the best estimated digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio for laying Japanese quails was .80.Three hundred and sixty 45-days old female quails, averaging 137.0 g, were used during four experimental periods of 28 days each. A completely randomized block design, with six replicates and ten females per experimental unit, was used to study the digestible methionine plus cystine requirement and the best digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio (0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 and 0.85), on the rate of eggs production (%), egg weight (g), eggs mass (g of eggs/quail/day), feed intake (g), feed consumption: weight gain ratio (g of diet/g of eggs), body weight (g) and shell percentage (%). No significant effect of treatments on feed consumption: gain diet (g of diet/g of eggs). Quadratic effects were observed for final body weight (g), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g of eggs/quail/day) and shell egg (%), and for feed intake (g) the effect was linear. The estimated digestible methionine plus cystine requirement was .727%, for a daily intake of 164 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine, and the best estimated digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio for laying Japanese quails was .80.

Exigência de metionina mais cistina para codornas japonesas em crescimento

Five hundred and forty 7-days old female quails, averaging 21.50 g, were used during 35 days. A completely randomized blocks design with five replicates and 18 females per experimental unity was used to study the effect of six digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratios (0.48, 0.53, 0.58, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.75) on the traits evaluated during the growing period. Final weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/g), feather rate (%), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crude protein and ether extract) and body protein and fat deposition (g). The effect of the amino acids on feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/g), feather rate (%), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crud protein and ether extract) and protein deposition was quadratic and the effect on final body weight (g) and weight gain (g) was linear. The best estimated digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio was .66 and the estimated digestible methionine plus cystine requirement for growing Japanese quail was .758%, for a intake of 91.43 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine intake.

Exigências de Proteína Bruta e Energia Metabolizável para Codornas Japonesas Criadas para a Produção de Carne

Four hundred and fifty quails of each sex, in a total of nine hundred quails, were assigned to a completely randomized design with five replicates of six quails per experimental unit, to estimate the crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maximum performance of females and males Japanese quails reared for meat production purpose and to determine the best slaughter age. The treatments were consisted of the quails sex and the experimental diets, resultant from the combination of five levels of CP (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) and three level of ME (2800, 3000 and 3200 kcal/kg of diet), and allotted to the plots and to the four experimental periods, as splitplots. The estimates of CP and ME requirements during the first (5 to 16), third (27 to 38) and fourth (38 to 49 days of age) periods were: 26 and 2800; 18 and 3200 and 19,62% and 3200 kcal/kg of diet for females and 26 and 2800; 18 and 3200 and 18% and 3200 kcal/kg of diet for males, respectively. The CP requirement for females and males in the second (16 to 27 days of age) period was 26%, however it was not possible to estimate the ME requirement for both sexes, in relation to the same period. For the whole period, the estimated crude protein requirement for maximum weight gain of females and males was 24.73%. The estimated ages for maximum body weight depended on the crude protein level of diet and varied from 91 to 189 days of age for females and from 57 to 83 days for males.

Composição em ácidos graxos dos tecidos de frangos de corte alimentados com subprodutos de maracujá

The fatty acids composition of broiler tissue was evaluated using two hundred male Cobb chicks. They were raised from 22 days of age with experimental diets based on corn and soybean meal supplemented with 4 or 8% of passion fruit peel and 4 or 8% of passion fruit seed. A completely randomized experimental design was used with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with an additional treatment (Control, 0% of passion fruit byproducts), with four replications and ten birds per experimental unit. A orthogonal contrast with two levels of supplementation and two types of byproducts., The birds were slaughtered at 42 days of age for fatty acids composition analyses. The use of passion fruit seed reduced the content of palmitic C16:0, estearic C18:0 and docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 in the breast. In the leg, passion fruit byproducts increased the content of linoleic C18:2, linolenic C18:3 and palmitic acid C16:0 and reduced the content of estearic acid C18:0.

Valores nutricionais de milhos de diferentes qualidades para frangos de corte

This work was carried out to determine the nutritional value of corn of different qualities, obtained by means of stratification in densimetric table, for broilers in different ages. The corns were designed as: MDA - high density corn; MDI - medium density corn; MDB - low density corn and MDT - total density corn, composed by 30% MDA, 60% MDI and 10% MDB. Two biological assays were carried out using the traditional total excreta collection method to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEN). The first assay was carried out using Cobb chicks with 11 to 19 days old and in the second assay, with chicks with 29 to 37 days old. Chemical analyses were made to estimate the nutritional profile, classification of the grains according to density and comparison by means of prediction equation estimatives the energy values and mycotoxins. The digestible amino acids profiles were obtained by NIR. The values of AMEN of corns of different qualities (MDA, MDI, MDB and MDT) for broilers in initial phase were respectively: 3308; 3121; 2937 and 3239 kcal/kg; and broilers in growing phase were respectively: 3413, 3362, 3174 and 3348 kcal/kg. These results indicated significant energy losses of low density corn and the efficiency of the densimetric table to stratify the grains by quality. The different AMEN values between birds ages suggest better energy utilization efficiency as age increases. The prediction equations could be used to estimate energy value of corn by its classification or density. However, the error associated to each prediction equation could compromise the accuracy of the nutritional value. The contaminations by aflatoxins and trichothecenes changed with quality of the stratified corn, important factor to be considered in the broilers feeding.

Comportamento e parâmetros fisiológicos de leitões nas primeiras 24 horas de vida

Um experimento foi conduzido no setor de Suinocultura da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento e parâmetros fisiologicos de leitoes nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Foram utilizados 82 leitoes de genetica comercial para crescimento rapido, sendo realizadas observacoes a cada cinco minutos do comportamento dos animais. Foram mensuradas as temperaturas retal e de superficie, alem da frequencia respiratoria em intervalo de uma hora. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo comportamental demonstraram que os leitoes passam mais da metade (53,8%) do seu primeiro dia de vida dormindo dedicando somente 31,2% a ingestao de leite. A temperatura retal dos leitoes recem nascidos e a temperatura superficial da pele aumentaram (P 0,05) nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. A frequencia respiratoria nao foi influenciada (P>0,05). Leitoes recem-nascidos com genetica para alta deposicao de tecido magro apresentam reacao ao ambiente logo nas primeiras horas de vida. A elevacao das temperaturas retal e superficial dos animais evidenciaram tentativa de controle termorregulatorio a partir da nona hora de vida.

Pigmentação de gemas de ovos de codornas japonesas alimentadas com rações contendo colorífico

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar, semanalmente, o grau de pigmentacao de gemas de ovos de codornas japonesas alimentadas com racoes contendo diferentes niveis de colorifico (163,8 mg bixina/100 g), no decorrer de quatro semanas. Utilizaram-se 240 codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) femeas, em delineamento experimental em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com oito tratamentos, cinco repeticoes e seis codornas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos, constituidos por oito racoes experimentais resultantes da combinacao de quatro niveis de colorifico na racao (0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5%) e duas fontes energeticas (milho e quirera de arroz), foram distribuidos nas parcelas, enquanto que os quatro dias experimentais (7o, 14o, 21o e 28o) constituiram as subparcelas. A equacao de regressao estimada com o uso do modelo logaritmico explicou 96% da variacao dos dados de escore colorimetrico das gemas. No 7o e 14o dia do experimento, os niveis de colorifico estimados que promoveram escores colorimetricos de gemas com padrao caipira (8,5 a 9,0 pontos) foram de 1,5%, em racoes a base de milho, e 3,0%, em racoes a base de quirera de arroz. No 21o e 28o dia experimental, os valores estimados foram de 0,75% (racoes com milho) e 2,25% (racoes com quirera). Em racoes com 46,0% de milho ou quirera de arroz, o uso de niveis superiores a 3,0% de colorifico promoveu aumento das perdas de pigmento, pelas excretas, e consequente reducao da capacidade de deposicao de pigmentos nas gemas.

Exigência de treonina para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade

The objective of this experiment was to determine the threonine requirement for broilers in the period from 22 to 42 days of age. Nine hundred and sixty broilers were random allotted in a 6x2 factorial arrangement, with six total threonine levels ( .67, .71, .75, .79, .83, e .87%) two sexes with five replicates with 16 birds each. The feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio, plasma uric acid concentration, yields of carcass, special cuts and abdominal fat, and body composition were evaluated. There was no effect of the threonine levels on the characteristics of performance, plasma uric acid concentration, carcass traits and body composition of the birds. Females had higher values of breast yield and males had higher carcass yield, thigh and overthigh yield. The females presented higher value of body fat and lower value of dry matter in the carcass than males. The levels of .67% of total threonine and .57% of digestible threonine were enough to maximize males and females performance in the period from 22 to 42 days of age.