Rituraj Shukla

Impact of Climate Change on Future Soil Erosion in Different Slope, Land Use, and Soil-Type Conditions in a Part of the Narmada River Basin, India

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the major hazards affected by the climate change, particularly the changed precipitation trend. The present paper has generated future precipitation by downscaling general circulation model (GCM, HADCM3) data of A2 scenario in a part of the Narmada River Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India, to obtain future impact of climate change on soil erosion. Least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM) and statistical downscaling model (SDSM) models were used for downscaling, and the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model was used for estimating soil loss. The results were analyzed with different slope, land use, and soil category. Outcome showed an increase in future precipitation with the resultant increase in soil erosion, with a positive change of 18.09 and 58.9% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively in LS-SVM, while it is decreasing in the year 2020s (−5.47%). Rate of change of soil erosion with SDSM is 15.52 and 105.80% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively, and decrease in the 20...

Shifting shoreline of Sagar Island Delta, India

Shoreline mapping is extremely important in order to determine the dynamic nature of coastal areas. This paper presents shoreline mapping of the Sagar Island delta, Sundarban region, India. The island is part of mangrove ecosystem and is facing constant erosion and deposition from tidal action and cyclonic storms which have made this an area of unique importance. Mapping of shoreline has been performed 1951 to 2011 and change in the land-water boundary of the island calculated. Further shoreline prediction is performed on the basis of the extracted shorelines using the End point Rate model with a micro-level grid-based approach. The predicted maps have been validated using ground control points. Three images from 1951, 1990 and 2011 have been used for the mapping and detection of changes in the island area and shoreline over 60 years.

Estimation of the Surface Tensions of Benzonitrile, Chlorobenzene, Benzyl Chloride and Benzyl Alcohol in Mixtures with Benzene by Associated and Non-associated Processes at 298.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K

Densities and surface tensions were measured for the binary liquid mixtures formed by benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, benzyl chloride and benzyl alcohol with benzene, at 298.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson model (PFP), the Ramaswamy and Anbananthan (RS) model, the model derived by Glinski, the Sanchez equation, the Goldsack relation and Eberhart’s model were used to predict the associational behavior of weakly interacting liquids. The measured properties were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary coefficients and standard errors. Furthermore, the McAllister multi-body interaction model was also used to correlate the binary solution properties. These non-associated and associated models were compared and tested for different systems, showing that considering the association processes yields better agreement between theory and experiment as compared to non-associated processes.

Trend Analysis of Air Temperature Time Series by Mann Kendall Test - A Case Study of Upper Ganga Canal Command (1901-2002)

Worldwide climatologists are investigating to find a possible relation of climate change with anthropogenic behavior by studying trends in different climatic parameters. However, the changes in temperature are not equal for all regions especially in India and have localized intensity and must be quantified locally to manage the natural resources. Aim of the study is to determine trend in annual mean and monthly Temperature time series using nonparametric methods (i.e. the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s T tests). The magnitudes of trend in a Temperature time series have been estimated by Sen’s estimator method. Auto correlation effect is reduced from the Temperature series before applying the Mann– Kendall test. In the present study, an investigation has been made to study the spatial and temporal variability in the maximum, the minimum and the mean air temperatures of Upper Ganga Canal Command located in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand on monthly, annual and seasonal series from 1901 to 2002. The annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures have increased by 0.60oC, 0.60oC and 0.62oC, respectively, over the past 101 years. On a seasonal basis, the winters are warmer than summers. The Original Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(28): 4066-4082, 2014 4067 temperature decreased during the less urbanized period of 1901 to 1951 and increased during the more urbanized period of 1961 to 2002. It is also found that the minimum temperature increased at higher rate (0.42oC) followed by the mean (0.36oC) and the maximum (0.32oC) air temperatures, during the more urbanized period.

Surface tension and excess molar volumes of trimethyl benzene with tetrahydrofuran, tetra chloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract Surface tension and excess volume for trimethyl benzene with tetrahydrofuran, tetra chloromethane, and diethyl solfoxide were theoretically predicted with the help of the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) model over the entire concentration range at 298.15 K, which has immense sense of applicability in organic separation and synthesis as solvent. Further, we found that computed results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The results so obtained have been explained on the basis of packing effect and dipolar-dipolar interactions. An attempt has also been made to study the excess thermodynamic functions that measure the extent of molecular interactions involved in the liquid mixture.

Analysis of Long Term Temperature Trend for Madhya Pradesh, India (1901-2005)

The paper examines the impact of climatic change on the mean temperature time series for Pre-monsoon (Mar-May), Monsoon (Jun-Sept), Post-monsoon (Oct-Nov), winter (Dec-Feb) and Annual (Jan-Dec) at 45 stations in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Impact detection is accomplished by using the Mann-Kendall method to find out the monotonic trend and Sen’s slope is method is to identify the grandeur of trend for the period 1901 to 2005 (105 years). Prior to the trend analysis prominence of eloquent lag-1 serial correlation are eradicated from data by the pre-whitening method. In addition, shift year change has also been examined in the study using Pettitt’s test. From 45 stations, most of the station show symbolic hike trend at 5% significance level in the mean temperature time series for Madhya Pradesh region. During peak summer months the maximum temperature touches 40°C in the entire Madhya Pradesh. The magnitudes of annual increase in temperature in the majority of the stations are about 0.01°C.The analysis in the present study indicated that the change point year of the significant upward shift changes was 1963 for annual mean temperature time series, which can be very useful for water resources planners in the study area. The finding of the study provides more insights and inputs for the better understanding of regional temperature and shift behavior in the study area. keywords: Monotonic trend analysis, Sen’s slope, Mann-Kendall test, Pettit’s test, serial correlation, Temperature.