Roanne E. Flom
Ohio State University
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Optometry and Vision Science | 2005
Bradley E. Dougherty; Roanne E. Flom; Mark A. Bullimore
Purpose. The Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test (initially known as the Lighthouse Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test) is similar in design to the Pelli-Robson Test but may offer several advantages. This study evaluates the repeatability of the Mars test and its agreement with the Pelli-Robson test in normal and low-vision subjects. Methods. Fifty-four subjects were tested (age 22–86 years), including 20 normally sighted young adults, 17 normally sighted older adults, and 17 adults with low vision (20/16 to 20/250). Subjects were tested with both contrast sensitivity tests and with the ETDRS visual acuity chart. After a short break, subjects were retested with an alternate form of each contrast sensitivity test. The chart forms used (two Pelli-Robson and three Mars) and the order of testing were varied systematically. Testing was monocular with habitual correction and, for subjects over 40 years of age, included appropriate near add. Letter-by-letter scoring was used for both tests. Repeatability and agreement were assessed by determining the 95% limits of agreement (LoA): ± 1.96 standard deviations of the differences between administrations or tests. Results. The Mars test showed excellent agreement with the Pelli-Robson test, with 95% LoA of ± 0.21 log units for all subjects. The Mars test was similarly repeatable (95% LoA = ±0.20 log units) to the Pelli-Robson test (95% LoA = ±0.20 log units) among all subjects. Conclusion. The new Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test shows excellent agreement with the Pelli-Robson test and has similar repeatability. There are subtle differences in the actual contrast levels on different forms of the Mars test, and adjusting for these differences leads to superior repeatability of the Mars test. Thus, the Mars test may be a useful alternative to the Pelli-Robson test offering several advantages, including smaller size, improved durability, and ease of use.
Optometry and Vision Science | 2001
Barbara A. Fink; Joseph T. Barr; Timothy B. Edrington; Gilbert E. Pierce; Kenneth B. Schechtman; Marjorie J. Rah; Roanne E. Flom; Karla Zadnik
Purpose. The purposes of the study were as follows: (1) to compare the apical fitting relationship of habitual contact lens fluorescein patterns in keratoconus as determined by clinician assessment of on-eye patterns to those determined by photograph readers looking at slides of fluorescein patterns and (2) to determine the validity of the techniques used in assessing the apical fitting relationships of rigid corneal contact lenses on keratoconic corneas. Methods. Central fluorescein patterns of rigid contact lens-wearing keratoconus patients enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study were graded as “definite touch,” “touch,” “clearance,” or “definite clearance” by certified clinicians. Photographs of these patterns were evaluated independently by certified, masked photograph readers using the same grading scale. Results. Agreement between “re-reads” of the same fluorescein pattern slides by the photograph readers was substantial (weighted kappa = 0.751). Agreement between assessments of habitual fit fluorescein patterns at the baseline vs. the repeat visits was poor for the photograph readers (weighted kappa = 0.254) and moderate for the clinicians (kappa = 0.480). Agreement between clinicians’ and photograph readers’ assessment of the habitual contact lens fluorescein pattern at the baseline visit was fair (weighted kappa = 0.382). Conclusions. Repeatability and validity of this technique were fair to excellent. Many factors influence fluorescein pattern interpretation, and improvement of the objective method of fluorescein pattern assessment by photograph readers will require improved methodology that takes these factors into consideration.
Optometry and Vision Science | 2015
Bradley E. Dougherty; Roanne E. Flom; Mark A. Bullimore; Thomas W. Raasch
Purpose Bioptic telescopic spectacles can be used by people with central visual acuity that does not meet the state standards to obtain an unrestricted driver’s license. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among visual and demographic factors, training hours, and the results of road testing for bioptic drivers. Methods A retrospective study of patients who received an initial daylight bioptic examination at the Ohio State University and subsequently received a bioptic license was conducted. Data were collected on vision including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field. Hours of driver training and results of Highway Patrol road testing were extracted from records. Relationships among vision, training hours, and road testing were analyzed. Results Ninety-seven patients who completed a vision examination between 2004 and 2008 and received daylight licensure with bioptic telescopic spectacles were included. Results of the first Highway Patrol road test were available for 74 patients. The median (interquartile range) hours of training before road testing was 21 (17) hours (range, 9 to 75 hours). Candidates without previous licensure were younger (p < 0.001) and had more documented training (p < 0.001). Lack of previous licensure and more training were significantly associated with having failed a portion of the Highway Patrol test and points deducted on the road test. Conclusions New bioptic drivers without previous nonbioptic driving experience required more training and performed more poorly on road testing for licensure than those who had previous nonbioptic licensure. No visual factor was predictive of road testing results after adjustment for previous experience. The hours of training received remained predictive of road testing outcome even with adjustment for previous experience. These results suggest that previous experience and trainer assessments should be investigated as potential predictors of road safety in bioptic drivers in future studies.
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology | 1991
Daniel Finkelstein; Stephen J. Feinberg; Roanne E. Flom; Nancy J. Hedstrom; Marie Leinhaas; Thomas W. Raasch; Gary S. Rubin; Robert W. Massof
This review is a highly selective and personal viewpoint regarding the past years publications in low vision clinical practice and clinical research. This article reviews and provides references on selected aspects of low vision technology, reading, pediatric considerations, visual assessment for the multiply handicapped, and psychosocial aspects of low vision and rehabilitation. We are impressed that the wealth of current publications underscores that this is an important, productive, and growing area of research and clinical activity.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2015
Bradley E. Dougherty; Roanne E. Flom; Mark A. Bullimore; Thomas W. Raasch
PURPOSEnBioptic telescopic spectacles (BTS) consist of a small telescope (or telescopes) mounted high in a pair of spectacle lenses. More than 40 states allow for some form of bioptic driving licensure for people with decreased central vision. The purpose of this study was to determine significant associations among previous driving experience, vision, and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) for bioptic drivers in Ohio.nnnMETHODSnWe conducted a retrospective study of patients who received a vision examination and subsequently obtained bioptic licensure. We obtained driving records from the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles in order to determine MVC involvement. Relationships among vision measures, age, sex, previous experience, and MVCs were investigated using time-to-event analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression model.nnnRESULTSnWe identified 237 bioptic drivers (65% male). Age at initial exam ranged from 16 to 81 years, and mean visual acuity was approximately 20/120. The number of MVCs per driver ranged from 0 to 11, with 124 (52%) drivers having had at least one MVC. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were not significant predictors of MVC. Drivers without previous driving experience were significantly more likely to have been involved in an MVC (P < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for age and sex (P = 0.01). The rate of MVC per year decreased steadily over a 10-year period for drivers without previous experience.nnnCONCLUSIONSnPrevious nonbioptic driving experience, but not visual acuity or contrast sensitivity, was associated with yearly MVC rate in bioptic drivers.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 1989
Kenneth A. Polse; Richard J. Brand; Robert B. Mandell; D Vastine; D Demartini; Roanne E. Flom
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 1989
Robert B. Mandell; Kenneth A. Polse; Richard J. Brand; D Vastine; D Demartini; Roanne E. Flom
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal | 2007
Margaret Newsham Beckley; Margaret H. Teaford; Shantha Balaswamy; Roanne E. Flom; Deb Kegelmeyer; Thomas W. Raasch
Journal of allied health | 2007
Newsham Beckley M; Teaford Mh; Kegelmeyer D; Balaswamy S; Roanne E. Flom; Thomas W. Raasch
Optometry and Vision Science | 2000
Gilbert E. Pierce; Joseph T. Barr; Timothy B. Edrington; Mae O. Gordon; Marjorie Jeandervin; Roanne E. Flom; Barbara A. Fink; Karla Zadnik