Robert B. McComb

Distribution in Nature

Alkaline phosphatases are widely distributed in nature. There are considerable species-and organ-related differences; even within the same organ and the same cell, enzymatic activity is likely to be unevenly distributed. Changes have been reported in relation to growth and development and to cylical events such as estrus.

Measurement of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity

This chapter will discuss some practical aspects of alkaline phosphatase assays. While the remarks are based predominantly on experience gained with human blood serum, many of the points raised are also applicable to the assay of alkaline phosphatases from other sources.

State-wide hospital clinical laboratory plan for measuring cholinesterase activity for individuals suspected of exposure to nerve agent chemical weapons.

Background. Hospital laboratories currently lack the capacity to provide emergency determination of cholinesterase activity. Methods. We have developed a hospital-based 3-tiered system to test plasma for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and whole blood for red cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity using available technology and personnel. Interagency communications, toxidrome definition, and patient triage will be coordinated by the Connecticut Department of Public Health and the Poison Control Center. Data. Initial BChE data documents good precision between institutions (coefficient of variation < 8%). Summary. Laboratory testing of plasma or blood for cholinesterase activity is important in the management of nerve agent exposure and in ruling out disease in those with non-specific symptoms in the setting of a terrorist attack or accidental exposure. Rapid availability of strong hospital-based analytic support in a smoothly functioning network of clinical, public health, and laboratory services will facilitate overall regional response to chemical terrorism or large scale HazMat events.

Introduction, General Aims, and Scope

This book brings together some of the vast amount of information that has accumulated in 70 years about the group of hydrolytic enzymes generally referred to as “alkaline phosphatase” [international classification: orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), 3.1.3.1].1 It is intended to serve as a reference text for physicians, clinical chemists, biochemists, veterinarians, biologists, and physiologists, as well as for workers in related areas.

Industrial and Other Uses

The phosphatase activity of the milk is usually higher than that of the plasma of the cow.1

Utilization of Alkaline Phosphatase Measurements in Veterinary Practice

In this chapter, we discuss the estimation of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and other biological fluids of interest to veterinarians. Tissue alkaline phosphatases are discussed in Chapter 3.