Robert J. McKenzie

Radiation of southern African daisies: biogeographic inferences for subtribe Arctotidinae (Asteraceae, Arctotideae).

The majority of the approximately 80-90 species in subtribe Arctotidinae occur in southern Africa with the centre of diversity in the winter-rainfall region. Three species are restricted to afromontane eastern Africa and three species are endemic to Australia. To investigate biogeographic and phylogenetic relationships within Arctotidinae, sequence data from four cpDNA regions (psbA-trnH, trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF spacers and trnL intron) and the ITS nrDNA region for 59 Arctotidinae species were analyzed with parsimony and Bayesian-inference approaches. Eight well-supported major lineages were resolved. The earliest-diverging extant lineages are afromontane or inhabit mesic habitats, whereas almost all sampled taxa from the winter-rainfall and semi-arid areas have diverged more recently. Molecular dating estimated that the major clades diverged during the Miocene and Pliocene, which is coincident with the trend of increasing rainfall seasonality, aridification and vegetation changes in southwestern Africa. Trans-oceanic dispersal to Australia was estimated to have occurred during the Pliocene.

Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation in subtribe Arctotidinae (Asteraceae: Arctotideae) inferred by DNA sequence data from ITS and five chloroplast regions

Asteraceae are the largest family in southern Africa. Elucidating its origins and radiation in the region requires well-supported species-level phylogenies of the lineages. This paper presents a phylogenetic framework for subtribe Arctotidinae, which have a southern and eastern African-Australian distribution centered in the winter-rainfall region of South Africa. DNA sequence data from five chloroplast fragments (ndhF, psbA-trnH, rps16, trnS-trnfM, and trnT-trnF) and the nuclear ITS region were analyzed separately and in combination using parsimony and Bayesian methods. The data sets comprised exemplars from 18 ingroup species, representing the five currently accepted genera, and four outgroup species from Gorteriinae. All analyses indicated Arctotis and Haplocarpha are polyphyletic as presently circumscribed. The Australian-endemic Cymbonotus lawsonianus was placed within a strongly supported clade also containing A. arctotoides from South Africa and H. schimperi from eastern Africa. Retention of Dymondia and resurrection of Landtia at generic level are strongly supported. The phylogenetic hypotheses indicate the subtribe might have originated in temperate southern or eastern Africa, or it was ancestrally widespread in southern Africa and has diversified vicariously. The derived placement of C. lawsonianus indicates long-distance dispersal from southern Africa to Australia occurred.

(1794) Proposal to conserve the name Venidium semipapposum (Arctotis semipapposa) against Arctotis scabra (Asteraceae, Arctotideae)

The name Alliaceae was first proposed by Batsch (Dispos. Gen. PL Jenens.: 50. 1786), and was subsequently validated in 1797 by Borkhausen (I.e.) under Art. 13.1(a) of the Vienna Code (McNeill & al, 2006) which established 4 Aug 1789 (Jussieu, Gen. PL) as the formal start date for suprageneric nomenclature. Prior to that Alliaceae was tradi tionally attributed to J. Agardh (Theoria Syst. PL: 32.1858). Although the earlier publication of the name by Batsch and Borkhausen was known to R.D. Hoogland and Reveal as early as 1990, it was not widely reported until later (Reveal in Taxon 47: 851-856.1998). The existing conservation of Am aryllidaceae, validated in 1805, is also necessary since the earliest available name for the family, even when narrowly circumscribed, is Narcissaceae Juss. (Gen. PL 1789), ini tially proposed by Durande (Notions El?m. Bot.: 256.1782). Our purpose here is not to argue the relative merits of one classification or the other, but to propose that nomenclatural stability is best served by superconserving Amaryllidaceae over Alliaceae for those who prefer to recognize a single family. Amaryllidaceae have long enjoyed name recognition, especially in the horticultural world. Alliaceae, however, have either been relegated to Liliaceae Juss. or subsumed in Amaryllidaceae (e.g., Hutchinson, Fam. Fl. Plants 1959; Traub, Gen. Amaryllidaceae 1963) due to failure to recog nize the nomenclatural priority o? Alliaceae. Virtually all classifications post Huber (in Mitt. Bot. Staatssam. M?nchen 8:219-538.1969) have recognized an independent Alliaceae, with the exception of Cronquist (Integr. Syst. Class. Fl. PL 1981; Evol. Class. Fl. Plants. 1988), who maintained a broad and highly polyphyletic Liliaceae. However, both Shipunov (http://herba.msu.rU/shipunov/ang/v4.8/syang.pdf, 2007) and Thorne & Reveal (in Bot. Rev. 73: 67-182. 2007) accept Alliaceae over Amaryllidaceae. Virtually all of the important horticultural literature of the past century (e.g., Bailey Hor torium, Hortus Third. 1976; Griffiths & Huxley (eds.), New RHS Diet. Gard. 1992) have recognized a narrowly defined Amaryllidaceae. Most of the generic diversity of the clade is associated with this name (66 genera, versus 13 in Allia ceae and one in Agapanthaceae). Furthermore, acceptance of the above proposal will allow Amaryllidoideae Burnett (1835) to have priority over Narcissoideae Haw. (1831) and Hippeastroideae Herb, ex Sweet (1832) when the family is broadly defined. We believe that the superconservation of the name Amaryllidaceae will, in the long run, better serve the interests of the users of plant classification, and greatly reduce nomenclatural confusion when that family is broadly defined.

Typification of Names in Nine Species of Arctotis (Asteraceae, Arctotideae) from the Succulent Karoo, South Africa

Abstract In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the upcoming Conspectus of the Trans-Cape Succulent Karoo Flora of South Africa, the typification of names and synonymy for nine Arctotis species that occur within the Succulent Karoo region, South Africa, are clarified. The author citation for A. argentea is corrected from Thunb. to A. argentea Aiton, and the lectotype is selected. In addition, lectotypes are designated for A. auriculata Jacq., A. campanulata DC., A. campanulata var. puberula DC., A. canescens DC., A. cineraria Jacq., A. cuprea Jacq., A. denudata Thunb., A. diffusa Thunb., A. fastuosa Jacq., A. flaccida Jacq., A. flammea Jacq., A. glabrata Jacq., A. laevis Thunb., A. leucanthemoides Jacq., A. maximilianii Schltr. ex Beauverd, A. pusilla DC., A. revoluta Jacq., A. rosea Jacq., A. squarrosa Jacq., A. venidioides DC., and Venidium aureum DC.

Nomenclatural changes and typifications of Arctotis species (Asteraceae, Arctotideae) from the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa

Abstract: In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the e-Flora of South Africa project, the correct names, typifications and synonymies are clarified for 24 Arctotis species and two varieties indigenous to the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. Lectotypes are designated for 36 names and neotypes for two names. The names A. glabrata Jacq., A. paniculata Jacq. and A. spinulosa Jacq. are resurrected for poorly known, apparently geographically restricted species. Arctotis roodae Hutch. is the correct name at specific rank for the taxon previously known as A. campanulata var. puberula DC. Arctotis laciniata Lam. is the earliest legitimate name for an element of the A. aspera species complex, to which the name A. revoluta Jacq. has often been applied. The name A. revoluta Jacq. correctly applies to a distinct, unrelated species, for which a revised synonymy is presented. A lectotype is designated for the illegitimate name A. undulata Jacq., the earliest legitimate name for which is A. acaulis var. undulata Less. Citation: McKenzie R. J. 2018: Nomenclatural changes and typifications of Arctotis species (Asteraceae, Arctotideae) from the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. — Willdenowia 48: 29–49. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48103 Version of record first published online on 20 March 2018 ahead of inclusion in April 2018 issue.