Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil

A enxertia na produção de mudas de hortaliças

The grafting of vegetable crops aims to introduce resistance for Solanaceous and Cucurbits plants. It is a way of overcoming soil-born diseases or introducing abilities related to a certain soil-climatic condition (cold or drought resistance, wet endurance and improvement of nutrients absorption ability). In this paper, the state of art of vegetable crops grafting is presented foccusing on aspects concerning to plants compatibility and percentage of grafting taking. Special attention is paid to the description of grafting methods and its suitability to the different species of vegetable crops.

Crescimento e produtividade de cultivares de morangueiro de "dia neutro" em diferentes densidades de plantio em sistema de cultivo orgânico

ABSTRACT GROWTH AND YIELD OF “DAY-NEUTRAL” STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES IN ORGANIC CROP SYSTEMThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth and yield of two “day-neutral” strawberry cultivars in organic crop system. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. The treatments were composed by the combination of two experimental factors: plant density (3.51; 5.26 and 7.02 plants m -2 , corresponding to double, triple and quadruple rows, respectively) and cultivars (Diamante and Aromas). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications. At the end of the experiment, dry mass production and partitioning, yield and the main growth index were evaluated. The strawberry crop at 5.26 plants m -2 (triple row) provide an appropriate plant biomass production and partitioning and a yield of 30.4 Mg ha -1 . This yield was higher than the yield obtained at 3.51 plants m -2 (double row) and similar to the values found in the treatment with 7.02 plants m

Rendimiento de plantas de tomate injertadas y efecto de la densidad de tallos en el sistema hidropónico

Tomato cultivated in spring at a low plant density and then increasing the effective plant density by means of allowing side shoots to develop, when daily light integrals are high, appears a promising way of increasing spring-season tomato crop fruit number per square meter and to produce fruits of more uniform size; and has the added advantage that fewer plants have to be purchased per cropped area. The effects of side shoots on fruit uniformity and yield of tomato crop were evaluated in a trial carried out from March to July 1998 in a greenhouse in Almeria (south-eastern Spain). The initial plant densities were 2.4 and 3.0 plants m-2, in the case of non-grafted plants, which had one main stem; and 1.2 plants m-2 in grafted plants, which had two main stems (2.4 shoots m-2) at setting. From April, by allowing side shoots to develop (when the treatment required), population densities of 2.4; 3.0 and 3.5 shoots m-2 (grafted and non-grafted plants) were raised; and 3.0 non-grafted plants m-2 without side shoots during all cropping-season treatment was maintained. The results showed that grafted tomato plants set with two main stems presented the same final yield but produced fruits of more uniform size than non-grafted plants set with one main stem and double initial plant density. In a range from 2.4 to 3.5 shoots m-2, increasing shoot density increased early yield and produced fruits of more uniform size but presented no effect on the mean fruit weight and the final yield. The addition of side shoots (3.0 shoots m-2) was accompanied by a 20% loss of final yield but from 21% and 39% fewer non-grafted and grafted plants, respectively, and produced fruits of more uniform size, relative to the high initial density treatment (3.0 plants m-2 without side shoots).

Densidade de plantio, crescimento, produtividade e qualidade das frutas de morangueiro "Camino Real" em hidroponia

Aiming to determine the effect of plant density on plant growth, yield and chemical characteristics related to the organoleptic quality of Camino Real strawberry fruits in NFT hydroponic system, different plant densities were evaluated: 15.0, 12.5, 10.7 and 9.3 plants m-2, corresponding to the plant space of 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 m and a fixed row space of 0.18m. The NFT system consisted of cultivation benches made of 1.10 x 2.44 m cement tile. Each cement tile gutter was considering a growing trough. Setting was on 04/26/2010 and the trial finished data was on 01/05/2011. Fresh and dry matter of leaves, crown, roots and fruit, leaf area, fruit number and medium fruit weigh were evaluated. Fruit samples were analyzed for total soluble solids content (TSS) and titratable total acidity (TTA). Based on the results, it can be concluded that growth and yield of individual plants of strawberry cultivar Camino Real are not affect by increasing plant density in the range from 9.3 to 15.0 plants m-2. Growth and yield per square meter, as well as total soluble solids content and TSS/TTA ratio of fruits present linear response to the increasing plant density. We suggest the adoption of 12.5 plants m-2, which provides higher fruit yield (2.79kg m-2) with appropriate organoleptic characteristics and reduction in the number of plants required in relation to 15.0 plants m-2 plant density. It is necessary to carry additional studies on cultivar Camino Real in order to promote changes in the system and check the economic feasibility of its cultivation in hydroponics.

Crescimento e conteúdo de nutrientes minerais em mudas de mirtileiro em sistema convencional e semi-hidropônico

The blueberry has high economic potential, but the, expansion of cultivation is limited by the difficulty of propagation. The hydroponic system provides a better growth due to the efficiency of nutrient supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and mineral nutrient content of blueberry transplants in conventional and semi-hydroponic system. Micropropagated transplants of Bluebelle and Woodard cultivars with three months of acclimatization were submitted to two cultivation systems: conventional system, where they were kept in polyethylene sacs containing Plantmax ® + vermiculite (1:1) and irrigated with nutrient solution every 15 days; and semi-hydroponic, where they were kept in plastic flower pots containing sand and irrigated daily with nutrient solution. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments, with four repetitions composed of twelve plants. Shoot height, number of shoots, average length of shoots, shoot fresh weight, fresh and dry mass of roots, and leaf nutritional analysis were evaluated. The semi-hydroponic system provided better results for all variables evaluated in both cultivars. Plants grown in semi-hydroponic system presented higher levels of nutrients which were appropriate for this culture.

Enraizamento de microestacas de mirtileiro provenientes de microjardim clonal semi-hidropônico

The use of hydroponic clonal microgardens has been reported successfully to forest species and might become an excellent alternative for fruit species such as blueberry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of blueberry microcuttings originated from two cultivation systems (conventional and semi-hydroponic) subjected to different concentrations of IBA (indolbutyric acid). The microcuttings of Bluebelle and Woodard blueberry cultivars, from the two cultivation systems, were subjected to different concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1000, 1500 e 2000 mg.L-1) and packed in plastic boxes containing vermiculite and 90 days after microcutting setting yield was evaluated. Completely randomized experimental design was used with twenty treatments and four replications, composed of ten microcuttings. Percentage of survival and rooting, length of the largest root, number of shoots, average length of shoots, leaf number, fresh mass and dry mass were evaluated. The semi-hydroponic system provided a microcuttings yield significantly superior to the conventional system, however, this material showed smaller percentage of survival and rooting. All treatments showed rooting percentage greater than 50%, even the treatment without the use of IBA at 2000 mg.L-1.

MICROJARDIM CLONAL DE MIRTILEIRO EM SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO SEM SOLO

The use of clonal microgardens in soilless cultivation systems in order to produce propagative material of blueberry crop (Vacccinium spp) can bring major advances in the production of the transplants. The objective of this research was to evaluate microcutting production and survival of micropropagated blueberry stock plants of Woodard and Aliceblue cultivars in two crop systems. Semi-hydroponic system (plastic flowers pots containing sand and irrigated daily with nutrient solution) and organicmineral substrate system (polyethylene sacs containing commercial substrate and irrigated with nutrient solution every 15 days) were used. Microcuttings collects began 90 days after mother microplants setting in the systems. The collects were performed every 60 days, exception in winter, when samples were collected every 90 days, corresponding to eleven collects until to the end of the experiment. The experiment was set up as a factorial 2 x 2 x 11 (systems x cultivar x collects) in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications of 12 plants each. Total production of microcuttings at the end of the eleven collects, number of microcuttings produced per mother microplant in each collect, survival of mother microplants at the end of the eleven collects and survival of mother microplants after each collect were evaluated. The results indicated that semi-hydroponic was superior to organicmineral substrate system for microcutting production of both cultivars. The highest total production of 237.67 microcuttings was obtained for cultivar Aliceblue in semihydroponic system. However, in this condition, the mother microplants survival was lower. The microcutting production presented an alternating pattern along the experimental period. The mother microplants survival was reduced after successive collects. After summer collects the mother microplants mortality was increased.

Abóboras ornamentais: atributos valorizados por consumidores finais e decoradores florais

No Rio Grande do Sul agricultores familiares cultivam variedades crioulas de aboboras que apresentam potencial para uso ornamental pela ampla variabilidade genetica para caracteristicas morfologicas externas. Algumas destas variedades sao conservadas no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cucurbitaceas da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Para colocar em uso este germoplasma e essencial que seja caracterizado morfologicamente. As preferencias e a aceitacao do mercado consumidor podem ser outra informacao util. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a aceitacao de aboboras ornamentais junto ao mercado consumidor (consumidor final e decoradores florais) e sua percepcao com relacao aos atributos ornamentais. Para tanto, foi realizada entrevista com consumidores finais e decoradores florais, atraves das quais estes indicavam os atributos ornamentais preferidos e o grau de satisfacao, utilizando uma escala hedonica. Os atributos morfologicos de fruto selecionados foram formato, cor, textura e desenho formado pela cor secundaria na casca. Para verificar a aceitacao dos frutos foi utilizada a escala de atitute ( Food Action Rating Scale – FACT). Os resultados foram apresentados em porcentagem e foram elaborados histogramas. Foram entrevistados 150 consumidores finais e 30 decoradores florais. Nao foi evidenciada diferenca expressiva entre consumidores finais e decoradores florais na percepcao dos atributos esteticos das aboboras ornamentais. Os frutos das aboboras ornamentais apresentam grande potencial de uso e valor ornamental, com excelente aceitacao pelos consumidores (tanto consumidores finais quanto decoradores florais).

RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS PARA ACLIMATIZAÇÃO DE Oncidium Baueri Lindl

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar substratos a base de residuos agricolas para a aclimatizacao da orquidea Oncidium baueri (Orchidaceae). As plantas provenientes da micropropagacao foram transplantadas em embalagens plasticas articuladas (Sanpack® ), contendo os seguintes substratos (tratamentos): S- 10Beifort® ; casca de arroz carbonizada; fibra de coco; e as misturas na proporcao 1/1 (v/v): S-10Beifort® + casca de arroz carbonizada; S-10Beifort® + fibra de coco; e na proporcao 1/1/1: S-10Beifort® + casca de arroz carbonizada + fibra de coco. As plantas foram mantidas em estufa com temperatura controlada (25±2oC) e, apos quatro meses da instalacao do experimento, foram avaliadas as variaveis: porcentagem de sobrevivencia, altura da parte aerea, numero de folhas, numero de brotos, numero de raizes e comprimento da maior raiz. Foram realizadas as determinacoes do pH, condutividade eletrica e capacidade de retencao de agua dos substratos. Nao foram constatadas diferencas estatisticas em relacao aos substratos para todas as variaveis avaliadas, sendo a porcentagem media de sobrevivencia de 30%. Embora nao obtendo diferenca significativa para todas as variaveis, em virtude da facilidade de preparo e da disponibilidade para a regiao sul do Brasil, considera-se, que o substrato S-10Beifort® pode ser indicado para a aclimatizacao de Oncidium baueri, nas condicoes do presente trabalho. Palavras chave: orquidea, substrato, pH, condutividade eletrica, capacidade de retencao de agua.