Márcia Wulff Schuch

Micropropagação fotoautotrófica e uso da luz natural

In spite of the micropropagation to be diffused thoroughly and to present advantages in relation to the traditional methods of propagation, its use in commercial scale in the scions production is limited, mainly, due to the high cost for scions obtaintion. The development of photoautotrophic micropropagation systems with the use of natural light appears as potential possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the micropropagation and help in the cost reduction, making it possible commercially. However, the photoautotrophic micropropagation and the use of natural light lack studies. In Brazil, researches with the intention of the use of the natural light in the photoautotrophic micropropagation are practically inexistent, in spite of there bring strong reasons for its research and implementation, mainly, for the fact of Brazil being a country of tropical and subtropical climate, with great readiness of natural light along the year, and being in need of new technologies for the scions production section. This review seeks to discuss aspects related to the photoautotrophic micropropagation and the use of natural light, as possibilities making turn the micropropagation a method of scions production viable commercially.

Estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de Physalis peruviana L.

Visando o estabelecimento e a multiplicacao in vitro de Physalis, foram realizados dois experimentos. Para o estabelecimento, testou-se 5 procedimentos de desinfestacao das sementes (P1: Alcool 70% durante 30 segundos; P2: Hipoclorito de Sodio 2,5% durante 3 minutos; P3: Hipoclorito de Calcio 2,5% por 3 minutos; P4: Alcool 70% por 30 segundos + Hipoclorito de Sodio 2,5 % por 3 minutos; P5: Alcool 70% por 30 segundos + Hipoclorito de Calcio por 3 minutos). Metade das sementes foi mantida no escuro e a outra metade foi transferida para sala de crescimento com 16 horas de fotoperiodo, densidade de fluxo luminoso de 42 µmol.m-2 s-1 e temperatura de 25 + 2 oC. Ao final dos 28 dias, o procedimento 3 mostrou as maiores taxas de contaminacao in vitro . Sendo que as maiores porcentagens de germinacao foram obtidas nos procedimentos de desinfestacao 1, 2 e 4. Para a multiplicacao foram avaliados os meios de cultura MS e MS¾ (reduzido em 25% dos sais do meio inteiro), e as concentracoes de: 0,0; 0,1; 0,2 ou 0,3 mg L-1 de BAP. Foram utilizados frascos com 30 mL de meio de cultura com o pH ajustado para 5,8 e agar na concentracao de 6 g L-1. Ao final de 21 dias, observou-se maior numero de brotacoes na concentracao de 0,3 mg L-1 de BAP para os dois meios de cultura estudados.

Aib e substrato na produção de mudas de mirtilo cv. "Climax" através de microestaquia

Although blueberries in the South of Brazil have been researched and produced as a new alternative in the horticulture, the majority of plants are propagated vegetatively through the use of cuttings and the results obtained are unsatisfactory. In this way, this research was aimed at testing the rooting ability of rabbiteye Blueberry by microcuttings techniques. Microcuttings from acclimated plants of Vaccinium ashey Reade cv. Climax obtained through micropropagation were tested. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using two types of microcuttings (middle and apex shoots), two substrate (sand and Plantmax®) and three concentrations of indole-3butyric-acid (0, 1000, and 2000mg L-1). After 60th day, it was evaluated: surviving microcuttings percentage, percentage of rooted microcuttings, roots number, roots length, and length more developed root. We concluded that the microcuttings can be an efficient technique for blueberry plantlets production, by using micropropagated plants as explants donors. The use of microcuttings from middle section provided high percentage of survived and rooted microcuttings, independent of IBA concentration. On the other hand, for cuttings from the apex section, the AIB application was required for rooting improvement.

Growth of blueberry from micropropagation plant

The blueberry presents slow development and low index of survival of the seedlings. Among the factors involved in the production of seedlings, the quality of the substrate is a factor of great importance. The work had as objective evaluates the development of blueberry seedlings in different substrate compositions, during the months of December 2005 to March 2006. It was used seedlings of the cultivar Georgiagem of the highbush group, originated from of multiplication in vitro. Seven different substrates were used for the formation of the seedlings: T1 - Plantmax® (100%); T2 - Plantmax® + Perlita (1: 1); T3 - Soil + industrial compost + Perlita (1: 1 :1); T4 - Soil + rice husks + Soil (1 : 1: 2); T5 - Soil + industrial compost + Vermiculite (1: 1: 1); T6 - Acacia bark + soil (1: 2); T7 - pine needle mulch + soil (1: 2). They were evaluated: height of the plants, accumulation of dried matter of the aerial part and root and chemical analysis of the substrate. The composition of the substrate influenced in the development of the blueberry seedlings. The best results were observed in substrates with acid pH. The substrate pine needle mulch + soil, Plantmax®, Plantmax® + perlita and rice bark + soil presented better results.

RAPDs na caracterização genético-molecular e no estudo da variabilidade genética de cultivares de ameixeira

Molecular markers have been used thoroughly in many fruit crops species for fingerprinting analysis during the vegetal material certification process, and as an auxiliary tool in breeding programs to access genetic variability among genotypes. The plum is an important crop in Southern Brazil. The present paper aims to contribute for the genetic-molecular characterization of 17 plum cultivars, which were analyzed with 12 RAPD markers that produced 187 polymorphisms. The OP A20 marker was the most polymorphic, producing 26 different profiles. The cluster analysis was represented by a dendrogram using the UPGMA method, and showed a clear cultivar separation in to three groups corresponding to the species, Prunus salicina, Prunus domestica and Prunus cerasifera, respectively. A high degree of polymorphism was detected by the RAPD markers in the plum. This confirms the potential of the techanique of fingerprinting analysis and its usefulness in the estimate of the genetic variability among plum cultivars.

Multiplicação in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira cv. Marubakaido: efeito da orientação do explante no meio de cultura

The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of the vertical and the horizontal orientation of the explant in the culture medium, in the in vitro multiplication, for the apple rootstock cv. Marubakaido. The culture medium used was the MS with N reduced to ¾ of the original concentration, myo-inositol (100mg.L-1), sucrose (40g.L-1) and agar (6g.L-1), suplemented with BAP (4.44mM) and PPMTM (0.2ml.L-1). Stem segments with two buds and the apex excised were used as explants. After the inoculation, the flasks with the explants were incubated at 16 hour of photoperiod, 25±2oC temperature, with irradiation of 25µmoles.m-2.s-1. The number of shoots and buds, the rate of multiplication and the height of the larger shoot were evaluated after 40 days of cultivation. The highests shoot number, number of buds and the largest rate of multiplication were obtaineds with the explant in the horizontal orientation in the culture medium. There were not significant difference with vertical and horizontal orientation of the explant in the culture medium for the height of the larger shoot.

Enraizamento in vitro de marmeleiro cv. MC como porta-enxerto para a pereira e aclimatização das microestacas enraizadas

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tipo e aconcentracao de auxina que promova o enraizamento in vitrode marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cv. MC como porta-enxerto para a pereira (Pyrus spp) e avaliar a sobrevivenciadas microestacas enraizadas durante a aclimatizacao ascondicoes ex vitro. Os tratamentos consistiram de tres tipos deauxina (acido indolbutirico ‘AIB’, acido naftalenoacetico‘ANA’ e acido 3-indolacetico ‘AIA’), utilizadas em cincodiferentes concentracoes (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20µM). Inicialmenteas microestacas foram cultivadas, durante sete dias, em meiode cultura constituido pelos sais de MS reduzidos a metade de suaconcentracao original, acrescido de mio-inositol (100mgL

Microestaquia em mirtileiro com diferentes porções do ramo e substratos

This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the rooting capacity of microcuttings derived from different positions (median and apical) of the blueberry branches under protected environment. The blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) branches cv. Climax used for this experiment were derived from the micropropagated plants. Two types of microcuttings (apical and median) and three substrates (Plantmax® + carbonized rice rusks (1:1); Humus Fertil® and Vermicompound of cattle) were used. The indolbutiric acid (IBA) was applied at 2000 mg L-1 to stimulate rooting. The microcuttings were put into expanded polystyrene trays. Microcuttings from the median position showed higher percentage of surviving, higher number of leaves and shoots; however, they had higher callus formation. The number of roots is dependent on the type of microcutting and substrate used. The use of median microcuttings together with the use of the substrate Plantmax® + carbonized rice rusks are favorable to plant production of the blueberry cv. Climax, with increases in rooting percentage and surviving cuttings, length of roots and number of leaves and shoots.

Micropropagação como técnica de rejuvenescimento em mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivar climax

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar o rejuvenescimento do material vegetal atraves da tecnica de micropropagacao na producao de mudas de mirtilo, cv. Climax. Os tratamentos aplicados constituiram-se de dois tipos de citocininas (zeatina e 2iP), em quatro concentracoes (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg.L-1) e duas fontes de explantes (plantas micropropagadas e plantas obtidas atraves da germinacao de sementes in vitro). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4x2. Aos 60 dias apos a instalacao do experimento avaliou-se o numero medio de brotos e de gemas por explante, o comprimento medio dos brotos e a taxa de multiplicacao. Concluiu-se que plantas de mirtilo, micropropagadas na presenca de citocinina e submetidas a sucessivas repicagens, demonstram elevada habilidade de rejuvenescimento in vitro do material adulto, podendo ser comparadas as plantas obtidas de semente, tanto na capacidade de emitir novas brotacoes, quanto no numero de gemas e taxa de multiplicacao.

Efeito do tipo de ramo e do regime de luz fornecido à planta matriz no estabelecimento in vitro de araçazeiro cv. "Irapuã"

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the light regimen submitted to the donors-plant and the branch type used in the in vitro establishment of the aracazeiro, cultivar Irapua. The culture medium used was MS added of 5µM of BAP. Nodal segments removed from herbaceous and semi-woody branches containing one bud of plants maintained in the darkness during 15 days and plants maintained in light were inoculated in test tube containing 10mL of culture medium. After inoculation, the explants were subjected to the dark room for seven days at temperature of 25 ± 2°C and then transferred to a growth room in a 16 - hour photoperiod, 27µmolm-2s-1 radiation and at 25 ± 2°C. At the 7th, 14th and 21st days of cultivation, the fungical and bacterial contamination and explant oxidation percentages were evaluated. At the 30th and 45th days of cultivation, besides variables previously analyzed, the survival rate and establishment of explants were evaluated. In coclusion, herbaceous branches presente lower fungical and bacterial contamination rates and higher survival rates of explants when donors-plants were maintained in the dark.