Roberto Sbragia

Os determinantes dos gastos em P&D no Brasil: uma análise com dados em painel

This paper aims at examining the determinants of R&D expenditures in Brazil. We use a new database (from ANPEI) with firm level information on R&D and other technological expenditures from 1994 to 1998, and several econometric techniques. The results show that R&D expenditures follow a random walk and that larger firms spend proportionally less in R&D. The main determinant of R&D seems to be investments in physical capital, which indicates some form of complementarity between the two types of investment. Finally, profitability does not seem to be an important determinant of R&D expenditures in Brazil, suggesting that long-term determinants are more important.

Implementing Open Innovation: The Case of Natura, IBM and Siemens

This paper analyses three case firms whose innovation management processes have been consolidated. The companies Natura, IBM (Brazilian Subsidiary) and Siemens (ChemTech/Brazil) were studied with the purpose of analysing the implementation of OI, particularly in terms of: (a) its alignment with existing corporate strategy; (b) its requirements such as culture, skill and motivation; (c) the strategy and the implementation process; (d) the results achieved (e) the present barriers and enablers. The research is qualitative in nature and employs a descriptive approach. The main results of this study, obtained using a method called ‘Collective Subject Speech’ , show that the implementation of OI, both structured and non-structured, is mainly challenged by cultural issues. It has been observed that the implementation of OI process is at its embryonic stage in all case firms and that this occurs along with investments in closed innovation, meaning that OI results cannot be explored at this stage of the implementation, as there is a long way to consolidate these practices in the case firms studied.

Tendência empreendedora do gerente: uma análise de sua relevância para o sucesso de projetos inovadores

Abstract A project manager as a leader is the key element to assure the success of the ventures he/she is responsible for and to implement the organization strategies. Besides, the project manager can be very important to the future of the organization by applying entrepreneur skills aiming at needs and new opportunities. However, he/she has opera-tional responsibilities such as planning, monitoring, and accounting and control of the project which can, some times, conflict with characteristics of an entrepreneur. Therefore, it is relevant to evaluate whether a project manager has the required entrepreneur skills which when combined the skills of a manger result in successful projects. In order to perform this evaluation, a study with 164 graduate and highly experienced project managers, most men, was carried out. A Nonparametric analysis indicated that the greater the project manager’s entrepreneur tendency, the more suc-cessful the projects can be conceived. The creative tendency proved important since the results demonstrated a number of success criteria associated.

A organização da atividade de gerenciamento de projetos: os nexos com competências e estrutura

This study aims to understand the links between project management practices and organizational structure and competences. The case study methodology was chosen in order to present an empirical investigation. The research was conducted in a company in the automotive sector. The results show the structure determinants, among which are: lack of memory technology, management development, and cost structure. Furthermore, a scenario of low competences was found in the individual, team , and organizational dimensions.

R&D in the telecom industry in Brazil: Some indicators involving large transnational companies

Summary As a result of changing market needs and growth in competition, companies’ competitiveness is increasingly being determined by their innovation capacity. This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of technological behavior of the Telecom industry in Brazil, specifically of equipment suppliers, which account for most of the sector’s technological innovation. This study encompasses quantitative analysis describing the profile of innovative companies and their Research and Development (R&D) efforts, and the results obtained. In order to complement the analysis, a few cases were studied in order to show, among others, the main areas and/or products having R&D carried out in Brazil, factors attracting R&D activities to the country, cooperation with local universities and difficulties faced by companies when carrying R&D locally. Main conclusions and suggestions for public policies of the telecom industry are finally presented.

R&D in Brazilian Industry: Recent Indicators

OVERVIEW:On the assumption that the intensity with which firms engage in building technological capability is a key to entrepreneurial success, Brazil is implementing a Technology Indicators Database of industrial companies. Longitudinal analysis and comparisons among businesses from different sectors, size and origin of capital are the focus of this project, which is being undertaken by the National Association for R&D of Industrial Firms (ANPEI). Data already stored in the base, with reference to 1994, involving 500 companies that account for almost 41 percent of Brazils industrial GNP, indicate that these firms spent, on average, US

Communication practices in global product development projects of Brazilian multinational firms

2.8 million in R&D&E operating expenses and reported US

Tax Incentives for Technological Business Innovation in Brazil: The Use of the Good Law - Lei do Bem (Law No. 11196/2005)

1.5 million in direct or indirect cost reduction from these activities. Information in the database allows companies to compare themselves on R&D spending, personnel, patents, project completions, revenues from new products, and cost savings.

The Selection of Partners in Technological Alliances Projects

RESUMO As praticas de comunicacao em projetos globais de desenvolvimento de produtos em multinacionais brasileiras O objetivo da investigacao aqui relatada foi mapear as praticas de comunicacao aplicadas aos projetos globais de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas multinacionais brasileiras e analisar se essas praticas variam de acordo com algumas caracteristicas dos projetos. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratoria, cujo metodo de pesquisa foi o estudo de casos multiplos. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a frequencia da comunicacao nos projetos globais diminui com a distância, o que dificulta o controle e a coordenacao das equipes. No entanto, por si so a distância, embora imponha desafios adicionais, nao causa necessariamente problemas de comunicacao, pois pode ser contornada pelo apoio das ferramentas eletronicas de comunicacao. O estudo permitiu concluir, tambem, que o uso das praticas de comunicacao, bem como a importância dada a elas variam em funcao de algumas caracteristicas dos projetos, incluindo o tipo de projeto, os estagios do ciclo de vida, o nivel de complexidade e os arranjos integrativos utilizados no desenvolvimento dos produtos. Apesar de ter sido possivel identificar tais variacoes, observou-se que as praticas nao ocorrem de forma padronizada nos projetos; ao contrario, sao desenvolvidas de maneira improvisada e circunstancial e nao contam com um planejamento especifico no inicio do projeto.

The Cultural Challenges of Managing Global Project Teams: a Study of Brazilian Multinationals

The Research & Development & technological innovation (RD&I) are among the main sources for the development and growth of developed and developing countries. To stimulate investment in RD&I by private companies, the government resorts to several mechanisms, such as financial and non-financial incentives, such as tax incentives. Thus, this work is aimed at analyzing, through an exploratory research with private companies from various sectors of the Brazilian economy, the use of tax incentives for RD&I in the private sector, set forth in the main public incentive mechanism for RD&I enforced by the Federal Government of Brazil - Lei do Bem. The findings show the importance of public policies to promote investment in RD&I in Brazilian private firms, but also highlight difficulties and improvement suggestions for the use of tax incentives provided for by the Good Law - Lei do Bem, which results in a number far below the expectations of the Federal Government of Brazil.