Rodrigo Aleixo Brito de Azevedo

Medicinal plants at the Sítio do Gois, Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil

Rural communities have accumulated knowledge about survival techniques in the midst of difficulties, such as ecological, economic or social, and one of the transformation spaces and extraction of resources to these communities is the natural vegetation and homegarden. The aim of this study was to list medicinal plants and characterize the use of these plants at the Sitio do Gois, Apodi-RN, Brazil. Open-interview, semi-structured and guided tours by local experts (field guide person, foresters, herb doctors, healers, farmers, housewives) were realized. Medicinal plants are distributed in 34 families, 46 genera and 52 species. The family with the greatest number of individuals was Lamiaceae (seven species). The species most mentioned were Amburana cearensis (77%) followed by 69% de citation of Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Ximenia americana. Informants are aware of specific uses of native medicinal plants of the caatinga and homegardens. The most common preparations are teas and syrups, used part is the leaf and stem bark and great number of citations for disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. The most important species with greater use agreement were A. cearensis M. urundeuva, S. obtusifolium and X. americana they deserve pharmacological studies and validation.

Sobrevivência e crescimento inicial de espécies arbóreas nativas do Cerrado em consórcio com mandioca

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivencia e o crescimento inicial de seis especies arboreas do Cerrado em consorcio com mandioca ( Manihot esculenta ), com ou sem adubacao fosfatada. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 6x2x2, com quatro repeticoes. As variaveis consideradas foram as especies: Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (angico‑vermelho), Anacardium occidentale (caju), Dipteryx alata (cumbaru), Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatoba), Hancornia speciosa (mangaba) e Sclerolobium paniculatum var. rubiginosum (taxi‑branco), em monocultivo ou em consorcio com mandioca, com ou sem adubacao fosfatada. Uma distância fixa de 3x3 m foi usada para as especies arboreas e de 1,00x0,60 m para amandioca. Ate a idade de 20 meses, as especies arboreas foram avaliadas quatro vezes quanto a altura e ao diâmetro do coleto. A producao de biomassa da mandioca foi avaliada aos 20 meses. A taxa media de sobrevivencia das especies arboreas foi crescente na seguinte ordem: cumbaru (79%), taxi-branco (86%), jatoba (95%), mangaba (98%), angico (99%) e caju (100%). O taxi-branco apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento relativo em diâmetro e altura, enquanto jatoba e cumbaru apresentaram os menores valores. A adubacao fosfatada favoreceu apenas ao taxi-branco. A produtividade de mandioca nao foi afetada pelo consorcio. Caju, angico‑vermelho e taxi‑branco sao as especies mais indicadas para o consorcio com mandioca no Cerrado.

Procedência do fruto e substratos na germinação de sementes de Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns

The Imbirucu [ Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. et Zucc.) A. Robyns] is an arboreous species that occurs in the Brazilian Savannah. The exploitation and destruction of this biome have reduced the P. longiflorum populations and studies on its germination are crucial for preserving it. This study aimed to evaluate the germination process of two populations of P. longiflorum seeds, on different substrates. A completely randomized design, in a 2x5 factorial scheme (two populations x five substrates), was used, with five replications of 50 seeds for each treatment. The sampled populations were collected in Rondonopolis and Cuiaba, in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Substrates consisted of black soil, vermiculite, sand, black soil + vermiculite (1:1) v/v, and black soil + sand (1:1) v/v. The germination percentage of viable and dead seeds, seeds with fungi, and the mean germination time were evaluated. The highest germination rate was observed in the sand substrate (78%), in seeds from Cuiaba, and in the sand and vermiculite substrates (36.6%), in seeds from Rondonopolis. The mean germination time ranged from 10.6 to 16.5 days, for the seeds from Rondonopolis, and from 14.7 to 18.1, for the ones from Cuiaba. The seeds from Rondonopolis, in the black soil substrate, presented a 66.7% mortality rate, with the presence of the Fusarium and Rhizoctonia fungi genera. The P . longiflorum seeds from Cuiaba showed a higher germination rate than those from Rondonopolis, being the most suitable ones for the seedlings production. The sand substrate is the recommended one for the P . longiflorum seeds germination due to its greater ease of acquisition and lower cost.

PAISAGEM COMO OBJETO SEMIÓTICO: ECOMOSAICO

This work seeks to review a set of references that revisit and discuss landscape as an object of perception and interpretation in the Sciences of Geography, ...

Contribuição ao conhecimento e conservação da laranjinha

El Laranjinha Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem Humb. Ex. Schult.) TD Penn. es un arbol fructifero, adaptadas a las condiciones del Pantanal, semi-aridas del Noreste de los valles de los rios y San Francisco, su importancia ecologica, alimentos y medicinas. S. obtusifolium es sensible a la desaparicion de la destruccion del habitat y el uso extractivo en la medicina popular. La corteza se utiliza para las heridas, el dolor, ulcera duodenal, gastritis, acidez estomacal, inflamacion cronica, problemas genitales, inflamacion, cancer de ovario, colon, problemas renales, enfermedades cardiacas, diabetes, fiebre y como expectorante. Esta revision se refiere a temas etnobotanica, quimica ecologica y la conservacion de esta especie.

Phenology in Brosimum gaudichaudii trécul. (Moraceae) in cerrado of Mato Grosso state

Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul., a typical species of ‘cerrado’ is very much appreciated due to the sweet taste of its fruit and as a medicinal plant in the treatment of vitiligo. Phenological studies provide information for understanding the dynamics of forest ecosystems and for managing native species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenology of species by means of two methods: the intensity of the phenologic event characterized by the scale of Fournier and the presence/absence of the event, both expressed by the activity index and intensity index. We randomly selected 49 individuals and identified the growth stage and followed every 20 days, from 2006 to 2008, describing the activity index and intensity index, as the scale of Fournier. The index of synchrony (Z) was 0.96 for foliage, 0.65 to sprout, 0.69 for flowering and 0.72 for fruiting. The leaf fall occurred in July and the shooting was more intense (80%) in October. Flowering occurs between June and October 2007, with peak intensity in August (52%) and increased activity in September (92%); fruiting occurred between August and December 2007, with 91% of individuals in activity in October but , intensity of 25% for the same period. Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul. is a deciduous plant

Propagação da poaia (Psychotria ipecacuanha) em diferentes substratos e posicionamento das estacas

The ipecac (Psychotria ipecacuanha), Rubiaceae, is an important medicinal plant, native to America with the largest area of occurrence in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, mainly in the city of Caceres. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of substrates, position of root cuttings and types of cuttings on ipecac propagation. In the first experiment were used cuttings with 2 cm in length to root, in the experimental design of randomized blocks in split-plot 2 x 2 with two positions (vertical and horizontal) and two substrates (sand and phenolic foam) with 15 replications and 15 cuttings in each. In the second experiment we introduced basal and apical cuttings of the root and shoot in sand, commercial substrate for vegetables, soil of the natural environment and phenolic foam. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4 x 4 with four replications and five cuttings. The analyzed variables were diameter, length, number of shoots and number of leaves per shoot. Seedlings of ipecac can be obtained by root cuttings, 2 cm in length, placed horizontally or shoot cuttings with two buds placed vertically. The best substrates were sand and soil of the natural environment of the species.

Contribution to knowledge and conservation of laranjinha

El Laranjinha Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem Humb. Ex. Schult.) TD Penn. es un arbol fructifero, adaptadas a las condiciones del Pantanal, semi-aridas del Noreste de los valles de los rios y San Francisco, su importancia ecologica, alimentos y medicinas. S. obtusifolium es sensible a la desaparicion de la destruccion del habitat y el uso extractivo en la medicina popular. La corteza se utiliza para las heridas, el dolor, ulcera duodenal, gastritis, acidez estomacal, inflamacion cronica, problemas genitales, inflamacion, cancer de ovario, colon, problemas renales, enfermedades cardiacas, diabetes, fiebre y como expectorante. Esta revision se refiere a temas etnobotanica, quimica ecologica y la conservacion de esta especie.

Contribución al conocimiento y conservación de laranjinha

El Laranjinha Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem Humb. Ex. Schult.) TD Penn. es un arbol fructifero, adaptadas a las condiciones del Pantanal, semi-aridas del Noreste de los valles de los rios y San Francisco, su importancia ecologica, alimentos y medicinas. S. obtusifolium es sensible a la desaparicion de la destruccion del habitat y el uso extractivo en la medicina popular. La corteza se utiliza para las heridas, el dolor, ulcera duodenal, gastritis, acidez estomacal, inflamacion cronica, problemas genitales, inflamacion, cancer de ovario, colon, problemas renales, enfermedades cardiacas, diabetes, fiebre y como expectorante. Esta revision se refiere a temas etnobotanica, quimica ecologica y la conservacion de esta especie.

Spatial Organization in peasant communities of Santo Antônio do Leverger-MT

Este artigo investiga a percepcao e a forma de organizacao espacial em duas comunidades camponesaslocalizadas no estado de Mato Grosso. A partir da memoria oral, da historia de ocupacao e dominio territorial dessascomunidades, verificou-se que, de modo geral, a organizacao espacial dessas comunidades resulta da influencia detres elementos: da relacao de parentesco; da influencia das instituicoes sociais na comunidade e da presenca ouausencia dos aspectos naturais.