Rogério de Paula Lana

Comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar ou silagem de milho

Doze vacas da raca Holandesa, puras e mesticas, foram distribuidas em tres quadrados latinos 4 X 4, balanceados de acordo com o periodo de lactacao, com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros do comportamento ingestivo. As dietas experimentais foram a base de silagem de milho com relacao volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, com base na materia seca, ou a base de cana-de-acucar, com relacao volumoso:concentrado de 60:40 ou 50:50. As vacas foram submetidas a observacao visual para avaliacao do comportamento ingestivo. Os animais foram observados a cada dez minutos, durante 24 horas, para determinacao do tempo despendido em alimentacao, ruminacao e ocio. Nao houve diferenca para os tempos medios despendidos com alimentacao e ruminacao entre as dietas experimentais. Entretanto, na dieta a base de silagem de milho, os animais ficaram menos tempo no ocio, quando comparados aqueles alimentados com cana-de-acucar. Com relacao a eficiencia de alimentacao, expressa em gFDN/h, nao houve diferenca entre as dietas experimentais. A eficiencia de ruminacao, expressa em gMS/h, foi semelhante para as diferentes dietas. A eficiencia de ruminacao, expressa em gFDN/h (ERUFDN) foi maior para a dieta a base de silagem de milho. Nao houve diferenca na ERUFDN entre dietas a base de cana-de-acucar. Vacas alimentadas com dietas a base de cana-de-acucar apresentaram maior tempo despendido em ocio e menor consumo de MS, quando comparadas aquelas alimentadas com dietas a base de silagem de milho

Composição químico-bromatológica de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp L.) com diferentes ciclos de produção (precoce e intermediário) em três idades de corte

The objectives of this work were to determine the chemical composition, the potentialy degradable fraction of NDF (B2) and undegradable fraction (C) and to estimate the ruminal fill of sugar cane with different cycles of production (early and intermediate), in three cut times (426, 487 and 549 days). The laboratorial analysis consisted in dry matter (DM), organic matter, ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract, lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble protein, acid detergent insoluble protein and neutral detergent protein soluble. The TDN was calculated by chemical composition. The degradable and undegradable fractions, and fiber digestion rate, as well as the ruminal fill were estimated by kinetic parameters obtained throught in situ incubation. The advanced cut time increased the DM in 9.5%. The intermediate varieties presented higher TDN than early varieties, which had the highest contents of NDF and ADF, whose respective values were 487.56 and 471.03, and 287.87 and 247,54 g/kg DM for the early and intermediate varieties, respectively. The TDN increased linearly with the cut time, varying from 62.45 to 63.50%; however the NDF and ADF contents presented quadratic behavior. The early varieties presented higher content of CP than the intermediate only in the cut time of 549 days; contrarily, the brix of the sugar cane was superior to the intermediate varieties in the last cut. The early varieties presented larger total ruminal fill and lower fiber digestion rate. The degradable fraction of the fiber was reduced and the undegradable fraction was linearly increased with the age of the plants.

Consumo de fibra em detergente neutro por bovinos em confinamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by fedlot cattle, the principal factors that influencing this variable, and to correlate the NDF to total dry matter (DM) intake. The data published at the Brazilian Journal of Animal Science Society and Brazilian Journal of Animal Science among the years of 1991 and 2000, totaling 45 scientific works and 181 averages of treatments, were evaluated. The level of total digestible nutrients was negatively correlated to the level of NDF in diets (r = -0.6006; P .10). The description of the relationship among total DM intake and level of NDF in the diet was accomplished using a biphasic profile, looking for similarity to the curves proposed by the static model of DM intake prediction. The intersection of the curves projected a intake of NDF (NDFI) of 11.93 g/kg LW. However, the evaluation of NDFI estimated during the phase attributed to the physical controllers of intake showed inconstancy, generating divergence among the points of maximum intake of DM and NDF. This profile indicated that the transition among the physical and physiologic mechanisms is, possibly, delimited by an interval with interaction among mechanisms. The evaluation of NDFI according to the level of forage in the diets showed stable profiles in concentrations above to 60%, being of 13.53 g/kg LW in the interval from 80 to 100%. Possible interactions with the indigestible fraction of NDF can dictate the plasticity of the daily limit of NDFI.

Avaliação de pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf: 1. Características químico-bromatológicas da forragem durante a seca

The chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sampled for two methods, available herbage (AH) and extrusa (EXT), and green leaf (GL), green stem (GS), dead leaf (DL) and dead stem (DS) dry matter (DM) components were evaluated in the Signalgrass postponed pasture, during the dry season, from July to October 1997. Protein and carbohydrate fractions of the Cornell system were also evaluated. AH sampled was characterized as low quality, with low crude protein (CP) concentration ( 78% DM) and lignin (>8.7% DM) contents, and 43.7% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Higher IVDMD and higher contents of CP, neutral detergent and acid detergent insoluble proteins, ash and phosphorus and smaller contents of fibers, total carbohydrates (TC) and magnesium were observed in the EXT, when compared to AH. Higher IVDMD and higher contents of CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were observed in the GL component and higher TC and NDF contents were observed in the GS, DL and DS components. High values of crude protein A fraction were observed in the GL and GS components, while low values were observed in the DL and DS components. High values of crude protein C fraction were also verified in the GS, DL and DS components. The potentially digestible CP fractions, except for B1 fraction, and NFC contents, were correlated with the CP contents in the forage components. Concerning the carbohydrates, low values of NFC (A+B1) and high values of C fraction were observed in the GS, DL and DS components.

Influência da suplementação com Concentrados nas características de carcaça de bovinos F1 Limousin - Nelore, não-castrados, durante a seca, em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens

ABSTRACT - The research was carried out in Felixlândia Experimental Farm – MG – EPAMIG, from July to October 1997, todetermine the effect of concentrate supplements on cuts percentage and percentage of bone, muscle and fatty tissues in the carcass ofthe twenty crossbred Limousin-Nelore males aging 22-23 months and average slaughter weight of 459 kg were used. These animals werepreviously submitted to supplementation treatments in Brachiaria decumbens postponed pasture during dry season for 112 days. Thetreatments were: T 1 (reference treatment), mineralized salt; T 2 (75% cracked corn), T 3 (50% cracked corn), T 4 (25% cracked corn) andT 5 (wheat bran). The treatments had 24,1% of CP, NDT varying from 67,8% (T 5 - farelo de trigo) to 85,6% (T 2 - 75% milho) and wereprovided daily 3.70 kg of DM/head (amounts equivalent to 1% live weight on natural matter basis). The carcass characteristics of weightand length, percentage of dressing in the carcass, shoulder, whole fore ribs, flank, whole rump and cushion percentage in the carcass,were verified, as well as the subcutaneous fat thickness, the loin eye area, the percentages of fatty tissue, muscles and bones and themuscle-bone ratio in the carcass. The greastest muscular development of the supplemented animals groups resulted in heavier carcass(257.0

Avaliação de pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. 2. Disponibilidade de forragem e desempenho animal durante a seca

The availability of herbage, green herbage, dead herbage, green leaf, green stem, dead leaf and dead stem components was evaluated in the Signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens) pasture during the dry season, and after postponement period, from July to October 1997. The pasture characteristics were correlated with the average daily weight gain (ADG) of crossbred Limousin-Nelore males, aging 19 months and 374 kg body weight on average, from July to September 1997. The average availability of herbage was 7.568 kg dry matter (DM)/hectare (AH), green herbage (AGH) 3,834 kg DM/ha, and dead herbage (ADH) 3,734, in early July, after the postponement period of the Signalgrass pasture. The continuous utilization during the dry period of the postponed pasture, and stocking rate .75 animal units, did not affect AH and ADH, respectively, 7,902 and 4,637 kg/ha on average; nevertheless, diminished the availability of green herbage and green leaf dry matter (AGL). The availability of green herbage and of green leaf component increased in July and October, and reduced at crescent rate from August to September. In late September, the average availability of green herbage reached least value, 2,540 kg DM/ha. The availability and proportion of green leaf component in total herbage were greatest in early August, respectively, 1,517 kg DM/ha and 18.5%, and were least in late September, respectively, 480 kg DM/ha and 5.7%. The tropical pasture postponement warranted the maintenance of the animals, and leaded at a minimum average daily gain (ADG) (104 g/d), during the dry season. In September, the animals loosed body weight. ADG was linearly and negatively correlated with availability of dead dry matter, and it was linearly and positively correlated with the availability of green dry matter/dead dry matter ratio and green leaf dry matter/dead dry matter plus green stem dry matter ratio. Had no correlation between the ADG and availability of green leaf, and between the ADG and availability of green herbage. ADG did not correlated with grazing pressure or with herbage availability.

Avaliação de sistemas de produção de caprinos leiteiros na Região Sudeste do Brasil

A survey was performed on milk production costs of three farms which supply milk for the same milk processing line, on the fluminense mountain region and Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, in the year of 2002: Capril Pedra Branca (CPB), Capril Vale da Brauna (CVB) and Capril Via Capri (CVC). The Capril Pedra Branca and Capril Vale da Brauna represented confining production systems whereas Capril Pedra Branca bought all the feed while Capril Vale da Brauna produced part of the forage on the farm. In the Capril Via Capri animals were kept on pasture during the day, but received feed supplementation at evening. Technical indexes obtained of those farms were compared and used to identify which components caused more influence on the total costs of the production activity. Herd feeding was the most important item on the productive systems, varying between 60 and 70 percent of the total cost. The production system of Capril Vale da Brauna showed the best profitability because of their own forage production that decreased the costs with feeding, and supplied the nutrients necessary according to the production levels of the animals.

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente, produção e composição do leite de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com farelo de trigo

The objetives of this research were to detect how many days were necessary to animals adapt to the diets, by measuring intake; to evaluate the effect of crescent levels of wheat middlings as a replacement for corn meal in the diets on the milk production and composition, the intake and apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), crude protein (CP), intake of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and non fiber carbohydrate (NFC), as well as diets economical evaluation. Twelve Holstein cows were allotted to four balanced 4 x 4 Latin square design in accordance with the lactation period. The four experimental diets were formulated to contain 70% corn silage and 30% of concentrate. Crescent levels of wheat middlings were used in the concentrate (0, 33, 67 e 100%) as a replacement for corn meal, for the treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All diets were isoproteics, with aproximately 15% CP. Five days was enough for adaptation of the animals to the rations. There was linear increase in the intake of NDF, expressed as kg/day and %LW and linear decrease in the intake of NFC, however there was no change in the intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, TC and TDN. The total apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, TC and CP presented a linear decrease response, with increasing levels of wheat middlings in the diets. However, the total apparent digestibilities of EE and NDF did not change. The milk production corrected or not for 3.5% fat and milk protein, fat, milk dry matter and deffated milk contents were not influenced by the wheat middlings levels in diets.

Fracionamento e cinética da degradação in vitro dos carboidratos constituintes da cana-de-açúcar com diferentes ciclos de produção em três idades de corte

ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to determine the fractions and rates of degradation of the carbohydrates for sugarcane, with different cycles of production (early and intermediate), in three cut times (426, 487 and 549 days). The total carbohydrates(TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), fractions potentially digestible (B 2 ) and indigestible (C) of the neutral detergent fiber (NDF),corrected for ashes and protein (NDFcp), were obtained. The kinetic parameters of NFC and fraction B 2 were obtained from the techniqueof in vitro gas production. The contents of TC and fraction B 2 did not differ among varieties, even though the early ones showed highercontents of the fraction C and smaller of NFC. By establishing a relationship between concentration of obtained lignin and observedC fraction, with adjustment of equation of simple linear regression, without intercept, it was obtained the value of 4.38, that differedof 2.4, suggested by the Cornell system. Therefore, for sugar cane, the fraction C could be estimated from the lignin multiplied by 4.38.The progress of the cut time caused linear increase of the C fraction and reduction of B

Rendimento de Carcaça, Mensurações e Peso de Cortes Comerciais de Cordeiros Santa Inês e Bergamácia Alimentados com Dejetos de Suínos em Confinamento

Foram utilizados 21 cordeiros das racas Santa Ines e Bergamacia, confinados por um periodo de 75 dias, sendo alimentados com dietas contendo 24% de dejetos de suinos, na forma de biju (dejeto obtido pela raspagem e varredura do piso das baias de crescimento e terminacao) ou dejeto peneirado seco - DPS (dejeto obtido atraves da peneiracao da parte solida do material contido na lâmina dagua e na agua da lavagem das baias). Os animais foram abatidos aos 210 dias de idade, sendo determinados o peso e o rendimento das carcacas, suas mensuracoes e o peso dos cortes comerciais. As diferentes dietas nao afetaram o peso ao abate (PA), peso de carcaca quente (PCQ), rendimento de carcaca quente (RCQ), peso de carcaca fria (PCF), rendimento de carcaca fria (RCF) e percentual de perda ao resfriamento (PPR). Os cordeiros da raca Bergamacia apresentaram maior PA, PCQ e PCF. Nao foram verificadas diferencas entre as dietas ou entre as racas para os parâmetros: comprimento total, comprimento da perna, comprimento total da perna, comprimento interno, perimetro da garupa e largura de garupa. No entanto, foi verificada maior profundidade de torax e espessura de gordura subcutânea nos cordeiros da raca Bergamacia. Tambem nao foi encontrado nenhum efeito das dietas e das racas para os cortes paleta, carre, peito/fralda, lombo, pernil, braco anterior e braco posterior.