Rogério Hartung Toppa

ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM DE UMA ZONA DE AMORTECIMENTO COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO

The main objectives of this study were to diagnose the current environmental scenery and a legal scenery for the Buffer Zone (BZ) of the State Park of Porto Ferreira (SPPF), and propose a discussion of BZs and their planning. We conducted a mapping of the land use and occupation and calculated landscape metrics. The predominant class use in the BZ was sugarcane, with 46.24%, and forest class was the third, with the largest coverage, 12.7%. Landscape metrics indicated that the natural vegetation of the BZ has 83.3% of fragments up to 10ha, and 50% of them showed a very low connectivity. The PPA totalized 386ha, 39% of it has natural vegetation. As for the legal scenery, with all the PPA preserved, there would be an increase of 239ha of natural vegetation and a reduction of fragments from 60 to 27, thus showing larger and more connected fragments. The low percentage of forest, low connectivity between fragments and the non-compliance with environmental legislation in the BZ contribute to isolation of the conservation unit and the increase of edge effects, generating impacts on the biodiversity of the SPPF.

POPULATIONAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF FREE-LIVING MANED WOLVES (Chrysocyon brachyurus) DETERMINED BY PROTEIC MARKERS

Electrophoretic analysis of presumptive twenty gene loci products was conducted in hemolisates and plasma samples of twenty-eight maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) from an area in northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. The area sampled was divided into three sub-areas, with the Mogi-Guaçu and Pardo rivers regarded as barriers to the gene flow. The polymorphism degree and heterozygosity level (intralocus and average) estimated in this study were similar to those detected by other authors for maned wolves and other species of wild free-living canids. The samples of each sub-area and the total sample exhibited genotype frequencies consistent with the genetic equilibrium model. The values of the F-statistics evidenced absence of inbreeding and population subdivision and, consequently, low genetic distances were found among the samples of each area.

PRIORITY AREAS FOR FOREST CONSERVATION IN AN URBAN LANDSCAPE AT THE TRANSITION BETWEEN ATLANTIC FOREST AND CERRADO

Urbanization and agriculture growth are some of the major causes of natural ecosystems depletion and biodiversity loss. Conservation efforts can be developed through the prioritization of areas for forest conservation in order to minimize this process. Here, we establish conservation strategies based on a spatial analysis of forest fragments in an urban landscape at the transition between two important Brazilian biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. A high-resolution mapping of forest patches was used to quantify forest cover and to provide spatial analysis. We developed a Forest Conservation Priority Index (FCPI) derived from landscape metrics to select priority areas for forest conservation efforts. We used area, shape and proximity metrics as landscape structure indicators. Landscape metrics were classified and we attributed a rank and weights for them to calculate the FCPI. Forest covers 17% of the study area. 60% of the forest patches comprise less than one hectare, 95% less than 10 ha and only 1% more than 50 ha. The largest fragments (> 100ha) are all long and narrow. Also, fewer than half the patches are connected to others. Regions classified as high and very high priority for forest conservation are localized at greater slopes, along rivers and on private lands. Our index allowed the prioritization of forest fragments in an urban landscape, directing efforts of conservation. Creating protected areas and restoration plans are necessary for the better situation of the natural ecosystem. Land-use planning must resolve human demands and conservation of this important ecosystem.

Análise espacial e quimiométrica da distribuição de espécies metálicas em solos alagáveis e não alagáveis da Bacia do Médio Rio Negro, Amazônia

This study used chemometric tools and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the influence of organic matter and anthropogenic activity on the distribution of metal species between two major communities of the Middle Negro River Basin-AM. Higher concentrations of metal species were determined in flooded regions. The chemometric analysis showed the affinity of organic matter for potentially toxic metals, indicating its selectivity. GIS spatial analysis has shown that proximity to urban areas is a variable that is likely to influence the pattern of concentration of organic matter, and consequently the distribution of metal species between flooded and non-flooded areas.

Presença de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, -Neospora caninum, -Leishmania spp. e -Ehrlichia canis em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) de vida livre na Região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), an inhabitant of the Brazilian savanna, is considered the largest canid of South America and is classified as a near-threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUNC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, -Neospora caninum, Leishmania spp., and -Ehrlichia canis in free-ranging maned wolves in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 17 serum samples tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 88.2% (15/17), 17.6% (3/17) and 52.9% (9/17) showed anti-T. gondii, -Leishmania spp., and -E. canis antibodies, respectively. None of the studied maned wolves tested positive for N. caninum antibodies. Our results indicated the exposure of free-ranging maned wolves to the agents in question. The presence of industrial complexes, extensive agriculture and habitat fragmentation in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo puts these wild animals in proximity to urban areas, possibly contributing to the transmission of diseases between wild and domestic animals and human beings.

Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí: análise do relacionamento com a população de entorno (Bairro Japuí)

Este trabalho analisa as interacoes mantidas entre a comunidade do Bairro Japui, situado no municipio de Sao Vicente (SP),e o Parque Estadual Xixova-Japui (PEXJ). Para tal, foram aplicados questionarios semiestruturados a moradores do bairro e atores relacionadosao Parque, incluindo seu gestor a epoca, abordando aspectos sobre informacao ambiental, interacao com o territorio da UC,conhecimento e disponibilidade de informacoes sobre o Parque. Os resultados revelam um bairro de classe media baixa, cujos moradoresdetinham em geral baixo grau de instrucao. O relacionamento da comunidade com a gestao do PEXJ era praticamente inexistente, o quepode ter sido consequencia da nao insercao da populacao nos assuntos dessa UC. Evidenciou-se tambem o baixo conhecimento e interessesobre o parque, por parte dos moradores, bem como o insucesso da administracao, ate aquele momento, em inserir a comunidade nadiscussao e gestao da unidade. Tal situacao provocou uma relacao conflituosa entre o PEXJ e membros da comunidade, levando a umcenario onde a gestao nao era baseada em acoes participativas. This work analyzes the interactions between the community of Japui Quarter, in the city of Sao Vicente (SP), and Xixova-Japui (PEXJ) State Park. For doing this, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to inhabitants of the quarter and actors related to the Park, including its manager at the time, approaching aspects on environmental information, interaction with the UC (Unit of Conservation) territory, knowledge and availability of information on the Park. The results showed a low middle class population with low degree of instruction in general. The relationship of the community with PEXJ management was almost nonexistent, something which may result from the fact the population are not considered by the UC. One also proved the low knowledge and interest on the Park by inhabitants, as well as the failure of the administration, until that moment, in inserting the community in the units discussion and management.Such situation allowed the establishment of a conflicting relationship between the PEXJ and members of the community, leading to a situation where management has not established participative actions. Este trabajo analiza las interacciones entre la comunidad del barrio Japui, en la ciudad de Sao Vicente (SP), y el parque estadual de Xixova-Japui (PEXJ). Se utilizo un cuestionario semi-estructurado con los habitantes del barrio y los agentes relacionados conel parque, incluyendo su encargado en ese entonces, acercandose a aspectos de la informacion sobre el medio ambiente, la interaccion con el territorio de esa UC (unidad de conservacion), el conocimiento y a la disponibilidad de informacion sobre el parque. Los resultados demostraron una poblacion de clase media baja con grado bajo de instruccion en general. La relacion de la comunidad con la gerencia dePEXJ era casi no existente, algo que puede resultar del hecho que la UC no considera a la poblacion. Uno tambien probo el bajo conocimiento y interes de los habitantes por el parque, asi bien la falta de iniciativas de la administracion, hasta ese momento, en la insercionde la comunidad en la discusion de la unidad y de la gerencia. Tal situacion permitio el establecimiento de una relacion de conflicto entre el PEXJ y los miembros de la comunidad, llevando a una situacion donde la gerencia no ha establecido acciones participativas.