Rohit Jaiswal

Determination of sex by radiographic analysis of mental foramen in North Indian population

Aim: Identification and determination of sex of unknown human skeletal remains has been one of the most challenging tasks for forensic dentistry. The purpose of this study was to determine the gender from the analysis of mental foramen on panoramic radiographs in a north Indian population. Materials and Methods: One hundred radiographs were selected for the analysis of mental foramen. Tangents were drawn to the superior and inferior borders of the foramen and perpendiculars were drawn from the tangents to the lower border of the mandible (S-L and I-L). The data obtained were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The average values of S-L and I-L were significantly higher in males than in females, while the distances for the right and left sides of an individual were almost similar in both the male and the females group, and the results were non-significant. Conclusion: The distances from the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible exhibit sexual dimorphism in the north Indian population.

Association of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein at invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM Studies reveal that invasive tumor front may be the best field for quantification of proliferative and apoptotic markers. The current study assessed the expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein at invasive tumor front of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and correlated the immunostaining with the histologic grades of malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 slides sample was prepared for the study, one each from ten normal oral mucosa cases and two each from 30 OSCC cases. The OSCC patients were biopsied along invasive tumor front, and samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of both Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein. RESULTS Of the total 30 OSCC cases, the expression of p53 was found positive in 20 cases (66.6%), while Ki-67 expression was found positive in 21 cases (70%). All the cases in the control group were negative. A higher p53 and Ki-67 expression were seen in OSCC group as compared to normal mucosa. On comparing the control group with various grades of OSCC a statistically significant result was obtained. CONCLUSION Higher and statistically significant expression was noted for both p53 and Ki-67 antigen. The results emphasize the potential of Ki-67 and p53 as biomarkers of carcinogenesis in OSCC. Ki-67 expression was comparatively higher when compared with p53 except in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and signifies actively proliferating malignant cells at invasive tumor front.

Oral tuberculosis involving maxillary gingiva.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted by aerosolized saliva droplets among individuals in close contact with expelled sputum of a diseased patient. However, TB lesions of the oral cavity are often overlooked in the differential diagnosis. We report here a case of tuberculosis of oral cavity affecting the gingiva of a 24-year-old male.

Demographic and clinicopathological profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of North India: A retrospective institutional study

Background: Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world. In India, it is the most common cancer among male and the third most common among female population. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the epidemiologic profile of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Method: The study sample comprised of ninety eight biopsies diagnosed as OSCC. The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Students t test and chi-square test. Results: Male to female ratio was 3.26:1. Mean age was 51.35 ± 14.39 years and 55.35 ± 8.87 years in males and females, respectively. The most common site of occurrence was buccal mucosa and gingivo-buccal sulcus (GBS). Most of the cases (66.32%) were well-differentiated OSCC. In most of the cases (66.32%) the diagnosis was made within 2-6 months of onset of symptoms. Conclusion: In India, OSCC is a major health problem. Strategies must be made to improve the present scenario of health care service, where Government-run health care centers are burdened with ever-increasing patient pool and to avail treatment in such centers is always a compromise with time and health. Effective oral health programs for spread of knowledge and awareness, prevention, early diagnosis and management, and follow up of oral cancer must be implemented.

Estimation of gender using cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics

Background and Objective: Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in detection and resolution of crime, civil proceedings and personal identification. With ever-increasing demands placed upon law enforcement to provide sufficient physical evidence linking a perpetrator to a crime, it makes sense to utilize any type of physical characteristic to identify a suspect of an offense. The least invasive and cost-effective procedure among all methods of human identification is the study of lip prints and fingerprints. This study is done to determine the predominant pattern of fingerprint and lip print in males and females and to correlate it for gender identification. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips. The glued portion of cellophane tape was dabbed first in the center and then pressed uniformly over the corner of lips. Cellophane tape was then stuck to a white chart sheet for the purpose of permanent record. Lip print patterns were analyzed following the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The imprint of left thumb was taken on a white chart sheet using a blue ink stamp pad and visualized using magnifying lens. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Kücken. Correlation of lip print and fingerprint was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The overall correlation of lip prints with fingerprints in males revealed branched lip pattern associated with whorl fingerprint and in females as vertical lip print pattern associated with loop fingerprint. Conclusion: We conclude that the study between lip print and fingerprint can aid in gender determination.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor angiogenesis and the role of mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Increased angiogenesis has been associated with neoplastic progression, metastasis and outcome in several studies and in a number of malignancies. Among the various host immune cells, mast cells have been implicated in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between angiogenesis, mast cells with that of the normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using routine haematoxylin and eosin staining procedure and included immunohistochemical staining for microvessels and toluidine blue staining for mast cells. Results: The microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD) of two groups (NOM and OSCC). The MVD and MCD in OSCC ranged from 59.18 to 263.31 microvessel/mm 2 and 41.65 to 193.28 cells/mm 2 respectively with mean (±standard deviation) 161.73 ± 48.27 microvessel/mm 2 and 83.59 ± 40.67 cells/mm 2. In both NOM and OSCC, the mean MCD was comparatively lower as compared to respective MVD (MCD < MVD) and comparatively lower in NOM as compared to OSCC (normal < OSCC). Conclusion: A significant correlation is present between MCD and MVD in OSCC and also that both these entities are significantly increased in the disease process when compared to that of the NOM.

Study of Candida Albicans in Various Oral Lesions

Fungal infections especially Candida albicans in premalignant and malignant lesions when compared to normal mucosa might indicate contribution of these microorganisms in carcinogenesis.

Counteracting Bioterrorism: A Challenge to India

Bioterrorism is a potential public health threat to India. The impact of a biological attack to our nation could be devastating. Most biological warfare agents do not produce symptoms for many hours or several days, so Indians exposed to a contagious biological warfare agent could easily spread the agent to thousands before symptoms manifest. The dental profession could potentially play a significant role in the emergency response to a major bioterrorism attack. This article provides a brief overview of the threat from biological weapons, its consequences, clinical presentation of diseases and state of preparedness in India as a response to this potentially catastrophic danger.