Ronaldo Viana Soares

VARIAÇÃO DA UMIDADE DO MATERIAL COMBUSTÍVEL FLORESTAL EM FUNÇÃO DE ÍNDICES DE PERIGO DE INCÊNDIOS

Esta pesquisa foi realizada em plantios de Pinus elliotii localizados na Estacao Florestal Experimental de Rio Negro-Parana, pertencente a Universidade Federal do Parana com os objetivos de analisar as correlacoes entre a umidade dos combustiveis florestais finos e os indices de perigo de incendios FMA e FMA+ e desenvolver modelos para estimar a umidade dos materiais combustiveis baseados nesses indices. As variaveis meteorologicas utilizadas na pesquisa foram obtidas junto a estacao meteorologica do Instituto SIMEPAR e de um pluviografo e de um termohigrografo instalados na area do experimento. Os combustiveis florestais foram coletados em parcelas de 30 cm x 30 cm, classificados por diâmetro (< 0,7 cm O - A e de 0,7 a 2,5 cm O - B) e em funcao da posicao na manta (camada superficial - AA, intermediaria - AB e inferior - AC). A espessura da manta formada pelos combustiveis acamados sobre o piso florestal variou entre 14,8 e 15,3 cm. A quantidade total de material combustivel variou entre 3185,50 e 4266,01 g.m-2. Os indices de perigo de incendios FMA e FMA+ foram calculados diariamente e os valores obtidos nos dias das coletas dos combustiveis foram usados para as analises de correlacoes e ajustes das funcoes estimativas. Os coeficientes de correlacao entre umidade relativa e classes de combustivel foram 0,42; 0,36; 0,32 e 0,41 para o AA, AB, AC, e as classes B, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de correlacao entre a precipitacao e as classes de combustivel foram 0,57; 0,38; 0,34; e 0,15 para o AA, AB, AC e as classes B, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de correlacao entre as classes de combustivel eo + FMA foram -0,53; -0,56; -0,63; e 0,81 para o B classes, AB, AA, e AC, respectivamente. O + FMA foi a variavel mais eficiente no desenvolvimento de modelagem para estimar a umidade de combustivel morto. A umidade dos materiais combustiveis finos apresentou correlacoes estatisticamente significativas com as variaveis umidade relativa do ar e precipitacao e com os indices de perigo de incendios FMA e FMA+. No desenvolvimento dos modelos para a estimativa de umidade dos materiais a variavel mais importante observada nos ajustes foi o FMA+.

Reflections about public use in conservation units such as subsidy to the promotion of nature conservation

With the industrial revolution of the century XVIII the environmental problems began to be part of human daily life more intensely, in view of that this event triggered a humanity life standard for a productive and consumerist line. Therewith, from the century XIX emerged the fist concerns in relation to need for preservation and conservation of ecosystems, by means of the creations of protected areas, to ensure a quality life to now and future generations. In the world, the creation of Parque Nacional de Yellowstone, implanted in 1872 in The United States, was the historic mark in the creation iniciative of proteged national areas. In Brazil, this mark occurred with the creation of Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, in Rio de Janeiro, in 1937.1

Subsídios à prevenção e combate a incêndios florestais com base no comportamento da precipitação pluviométrica na Floresta Nacional de Irati, Paraná.

This research was developed in the Irati National Forest, located predominantly in the county of Fernandes Pinheiro, Parana State, Brazil, using daily rainfall data from 1963 to 2006. The objective of the study was to examine the precipitation behavior, an important variable in fire occurrence, to use the information in further work on forest fire prevention and control. It was analyzed the monthly precipitation, the number of days with rain, and average daily precipitation, in terms of means, minimum and maximum values. Afterwards, the data were grouped and an analysis of the precipitation evolution for that period was carried out. It was determined and analyzed the inter annual variability of dry and rainy seasons considering the 44 years. Results showed: a) the normal fire season was concentrated from April to August, a period of lower monthly average precipitation; b) an increase in the annual precipitation along the period being studied; c) a decrease in the number of rainy days per year; and d) an increase in the daily average precipitation. It was observed an increase of 128.78 mm in the total annual precipitation, a decrease of approximately 3 days of rain, and an increase of 0.90 mm of average rainfall per day over the period. The beginning of the rain season is concentrated in the first 20 days of September (70.5%). It was observed equivalence between the dry and rain seasons in 1968, 1978 and 1997, what resulted in a forest fire danger increase.