Rosane Pilot Pessa Ribeiro

Efeito da atividade física associada à orientacão alimentar em adolescentes obesos: comparacão entre o exercício aeróbio e anaeróbio

Being a public health problem in modern society, obesity during adolescence is an increasingly universal disease that is turning into an epidemic one. This study aimed to compare the effect of continuous aerobic and intermittent anaerobic physical exercise associated with nutritional orientation on weight reduction, body composition, biochemical measures and physical capacity of obese adolescents. 28 adolescents between 12 and 14 years old were studied, whose body mass index (BMI) is above percentile 95 for age and gender. The volunteers were randomly distributed into 2 groups: continuous walking exercise (GEC; n = 13) and running intermittent exercise (GEI; n = 15) and underwent a physical training program 3 times a week during 16 weeks, with duration from 20 to 40 minutes. Nutritional orientation occurred once a week, in 60-minute group sessions, throughout the entire experiment. In the initial and final periods, weight and height were measured so as to calculate the BMI, as well as subcutaneous fold, arm (AC) and arm muscle circumferences (AMC), body composition by means of electric bioimpedance, biochemical serum analyses (glycemia and lipids), and direct determination of maximum oxygen intake (VO 2 max) and anaerobic threshold (LAn). In both groups (GEC and GEI), anthropometric findings, BMI and subcutaneous folds, were significant decreased. In biochemical evaluation, a significant decrease occurred in GEC with respect to HDL, LDL and total cholesterol serum levels, although still within normal values. Values of HDL and triglycerides presented significant decrease in GEI. VO 2 max values increased significantly in both groups. We concluded that the physical activity proposed for both GEC and GEI was sufficient and satisfactory, promoting weight loss, better body composition and lipid levels, as well as an increase in the adolescents’ aerobic capacity.La obesidad en la adolescencia es una enfermedad universal de prevalencia mundial creciente, asumiendo un caracter epidemiologico como problema de salud publica en la sociedad moderna. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar el efecto del ejercicio fisico aerobico continuo y anaerobico intermitente asociado a la orientacion alimentar respecto a la composicion corporal, a las medidas bioquimicas y a la capacidad fisica de adolescentes obesos. Se investigaron 28 adolescentes (promedio de edad = 13 anos), con indice de masa corporal (IMC) arriba del percentil 95 para la edad y el sexo, los cuales se distribuyeron en dos grupos en forma aleatoria: ejercicio de caminata continua (GEC; n = 13) y ejercicio de carrera intermitente (GEI; n = 15). Los grupos tambien se sometieron a un programa de entrenamiento fisico tres veces por semana durante 16 semanas por 20 a 40 minutos. La actividad de orientacion nutricional sucedio una vez por semana, en grupo, por 60 minutos, durante todo el experimento. Se realizaron, en el periodo inicial y final, mediciones de peso y altura, pliegas subcutaneas, circunferencias del brazo (CB) y muscular del brazo (CMB), composicion corporal por bioimpedancia electrica, analises bioquimicos sericos (glicemia y lipidios) y determinacion directa del consumo maximo de oxigeno (VO2max) y limite anaerobio (LAn). Como resultados antropometricos, observamos una reduccion del IMC y de las pliegas subcutaneas, con diferencia significativa en los dos grupos (GEC e GEI). En la evaluacion bioquimica, hubo una disminucion significativa de los niveles sericos de HDL e LDL, colesterol total y aumento de trigliceridos y glicemia en el GEC, aunque se hayan mantenido de acuerdo a los valores de normalidad. En el GEI, el HDL y trigliceridos sufrieron una reduccion significativa. El VO2max aumento estadisticamente en los dos grupos. Concluimos que la actividad fisica sugerida y la orientacion alimentar, tanto para el GEC como para GEI, fue suficiente y satisfactoria y produjo una disminucion ponderal, mejora de la composicion corporal, de los niveles lipidicos y aumento de la capacidad aerobia de los adolescentes.

The occupational roles of women with anorexia nervosa

This studys objective was to understand how occupational roles of individuals with anorexia nervosa are configured. The sample was composed of a control group and 11 adult women with anorexia nervosa being cared for by the Eating Disorders Care Group in a hospital in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected and the Role Checklist was applied. The results revealed a significant loss of roles for women with anorexia nervosa in relation to the performance of the roles worker, friend, and amateur/hobbyist, supporting the idea that psychosocial harm may arise from this eating disorder. The evaluation of occupational roles in the treatment of eating disorders is an important strategy for planning Occupational Therapy activities and supporting the creation of healthier spaces to enable individuals to resume occupational roles, and acquire independence and autonomy.

How culture shapes the body: Cultural consonance and body mass in urban brazil

The aim of this article is to develop a model of how culture shapes the body, based on two studies conducted in urban Brazil.

Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking

Several lines of evidence point to the participation of serotonin (5HT) in anxiety. Its specific role, however, remains obscure. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of reducing 5HT-neurotransmission through an acute tryptophan depletion on anxiety induced by a simulated public speaking (SPS) test. Two groups of 14-15 subjects were submitted to a 24-h diet with a low or normal content of tryptophan and received an amino acid mixture without (TRY-) or with (TRY+) tryptophan under double-blind conditions. Five hours later they were submitted to the SPS test. The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the visual analogue mood scale (VAMS) were used to measure subjective anxiety. Both scales showed that SPS induced a significant increase in anxiety. Although no overall difference between groups was found, there was a trend (P = 0.078) to an interaction of group x gender x phases of the SPS, and a separate analysis of each gender showed an increase in anxiety measured by the STAI in females of the TRY- group. The results for the female TRY- group also suggested a greater arousing effect of the SPS test. In conclusion, the tryptophan depletion procedure employed in the present study did not induce a significant general change in subjective anxiety, but tended to induce anxiety in females. This suggests a greater sensitivity of the 5HT system to the effects of the procedure in this gender.

Selection of an intact casein or casein hydrolysate diet by rats submitted to protein deprivation and bowel resection.

The feeding preference of normal rats (n = 14), malnourished rats (n = 14), and enterectomized rats (n = 16) was determined in a situation of free choice of three complete solid diets which only differed in extent of protein polymerization: intact casein, casein hydrolysate, and an amino acid mixture with a composition similar to that of casein. The animals were housed in metabolic cages for 30 days and allowed to freely choose among the three diets presented simultaneously. All three groups showed an initial preference for the intact casein diet. The control group maintained this preference, whereas the malnourished and enterectomized groups reduced the ingestion of the intact casein diet and increased the ingestion of the amino acid diet. The nitrogen balance, which was always positive in all three groups, was constant in the control group (1.51 +/- 0.26 g) initially higher (1.77 +/- 0.19 g) in the malnourished group, with a subsequent fall (1.13 +/- 0.24 g), and lower in the enterectomized group (0.83 +/- 0.32 g). Although total intake was similar for the control and malnourished groups, the malnourished group presented a higher weight recovery (130.2%). In contrast, the food intake of the enterectomized group was much lower, with a small weight gain. After treatment that impairs the digestive tract, intact casein was the initially preferred nitrogen source, which later tended to be replaced with free amino acids. This change was accompanied by an improvement in nitrogen balance and body weight, especially after protein malnutrition. These data may suggest that, in clinical practice, the use of enteral diets containing fully hydrolyzed protein may be of benefit in terms of the recovery of malnourished patients and of patients with short bowel syndrome.

Culture and the Immune System: Cultural Consonance in Social Support and C‐reactive Protein in Urban Brazil

In this article, we examine the distribution of a marker of immune system stimulation-C-reactive protein-in urban Brazil. Social relationships are associated with immunostimulation, and we argue that cultural dimensions of social support, assessed by cultural consonance, are important in this process. Cultural consonance is the degree to which individuals, in their own beliefs and behaviors, approximate shared cultural models. A measure of cultural consonance in social support, based on a cultural consensus analysis regarding sources and patterns of social support in Brazil, was developed. In a survey of 258 persons, the association of cultural consonance in social support and C-reactive protein was examined, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, depressive symptoms, and a social network index. Lower cultural consonance in social support was associated with higher C-reactive protein. Implications of these results for future research are discussed.

Estilo de vida e fatores de risco associados ao aumento da gordura corporal de mulheres

The objectives were to describe the association between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), body composition and risk factors to metabolic diseases; observe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and list the characteristics of overweight and obese women. Voluntaries (n=50; BMI=31±6; age=36±11 years old), were evaluated regarding clinical examination, anthropometrics measurements, samples of blood and urine, resting energy expenditure and food register. Phases in which they become obese in descending order: adulthood, pregnancy, adolescence, over 40 years old and after marriage. The odds to have one or more obese family members were 316%. They were anxious (60%), depressives (12%), compulsives (34%) and had sleep disturbance (32%). The odds to dyslipidemia was 28%, to hypertension was 25% and to glucose over 100 mg/dL 35%. They were in caloric deficit, but, nitrogen balance was positive. The metabolic syndrome was present in 25% of these women and was positively correlated with body fat indicators and age. The obesity of these women seems to be multifactorial with a family influence that could be caused by genetics and environment contributions. The emotional/physical balance should be influenced on this process.

Depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein in a Brazilian urban community

Psychological depression is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. C-reactive protein has been implicated as a mediator of the effect of psychological depression. Several studies have found that individuals, especially men, who report higher levels of psychological depression also have higher levels of C-reactive protein. The current study was undertaken to replicate these results in a Brazilian population, in which there is a much wider range of variation in both background characteristics (such as socioeconomic status) and coronary artery disease risk factors. A sample of 271 individuals was interviewed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Fasting blood samples were obtained and evaluated for C-reactive protein (assessed by a turbidimetric immunoassay using a Dade Behring kit) analysis in a subsample (N = 258) of individuals. The mean +/- SD C-reactive protein for the entire sample was 0.43 +/- 0.44, with 0.42 +/- 0.48 for men and 0.43 +/- 0.42 mg/L for women. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, tobacco use, and both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Higher reported depressive symptoms were correlated with higher C-reactive protein for men (partial r = 0.298, P = 0.004) and with lower C-reactive protein for women (partial r = -0.154, P = 0.059). The differences in the associations for men and women could be a result of differential effects of sex hormones on stress reactivity and immune response. On the other hand, this difference in the associations may be related to gender differences in the disclosure of emotion and the effect that self-disclosure has on physical health and immune response.

Hospitalização integral para tratamento dos transtornos alimentares: a experiência de um serviço especializado

OBJETIVO: Descrever as caracteristicas da hospitalizacao integral para o tratamento de transtornos alimentares em um servico especializado de Ribeirao Preto, SP. METODOS: Foram revisados todos os prontuarios dos pacientes em seguimento pelo servico, de 1982 ate 2011, especialmente aqueles que tiveram indicacao de internacao integral. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos e referentes ao diagnostico. RESULTADOS: No periodo referido, 186 pacientes receberam atendimento pelo servico e, desses, 44,6% (n = 83) foram internados para tratamento. Ao longo do tempo, houve reducao na relacao atendimento/internacao, passando de 77,7% para 36,2% dos casos. A media de internacoes foi de 1,9 ± 3,9 vezes, e 73,5% (n = 61) dos pacientes foram hospitalizados apenas uma vez. A duracao media da internacao, independentemente do numero de hospitalizacoes, foi de 70,6 ± 115,9 dias (variacao de 3 a 804 dias). A predominância foi do sexo feminino, raca branca, solteira, sem filhos e com idade media de 23,3 ± 10,8 anos. O diagnostico predominante foi de anorexia nervosa (85,5%), sobretudo em seu tipo restritivo (54,2%). As indicacoes mais frequentes para internacao foram para realizacao de terapia nutricional (50,9%), seguida da investigacao do quadro clinico (30,1%) e por causa de depressao e/ou ideacao suicida (10,9%). CONCLUSAO: A hospitalizacao integral e uma modalidade terapeutica necessaria para o tratamento desses quadros, e sua frequencia foi considerada significativa, porem diminuiu ao longo do tempo. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pela tendencia de desospitalizacao a partir da reforma psiquiatrica, do diagnostico e tratamento mais precoces e da experiencia adquirida pelos profissionais do servico ao longo dos anos.

Os papéis ocupacionais de mulheres com anorexia nervosa

This studys objective was to understand how occupational roles of individuals with anorexia nervosa are configured. The sample was composed of a control group and 11 adult women with anorexia nervosa being cared for by the Eating Disorders Care Group in a hospital in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected and the Role Checklist was applied. The results revealed a significant loss of roles for women with anorexia nervosa in relation to the performance of the roles worker, friend, and amateur/hobbyist, supporting the idea that psychosocial harm may arise from this eating disorder. The evaluation of occupational roles in the treatment of eating disorders is an important strategy for planning Occupational Therapy activities and supporting the creation of healthier spaces to enable individuals to resume occupational roles, and acquire independence and autonomy.