Sandra Cristina Pillon

The relationship between drugs use and risk behaviors in brazilian university students

O objetivo desse artigo e descrever a relacao existente entre o uso de drogas e comportamentos de risco entre universitarios do primeiro ano de graduacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo-Ribeirao Preto. O Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e um questionario anonimo que foi utilizado para a coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por 200 (100%) alunos de primeiro ano. Destes, (50%) eram homens e (50%) mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 26 anos. Os resultados mostraram a presenca do uso recreacional de substâncias psicoativas, com as mulheres bebendo dentro dos limites de baixo risco e os homens mais pesadamente. Para o uso de drogas ilicitas, os resultados foram em menor proporcao para ambos os sexos. Os homens dirigem mais sob efeito do alcool que as mulheres e estiveram mais envolvidos em brigas com amigos e policia do que as mulheres. Em relacao aos comportamentos sexuais, os homens tiveram relacoes em maior numero, com um numero maior de parceiras e com menor protecao e sob efeito de alcool. Este estudo conclui que o genero esta associado com o uso recreacional de drogas, bem como outros comportamentos de riscos entre estudantes universitarios.The aim was to describe relationships between gender and drug use as well as risk behaviors that may be associated with drug use among first-year students at the University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is an anonymous survey that was used for this descriptive correlational study. It was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. The sample (n=200) included (50%) males and (50%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26 years. Results showed that more female than male students use alcohol and tobacco, but that the probability of heavy consumption is higher among men. There was a low incidence of illicit drug use for both groups. Male students were more likely to drive under the influence of alcohol than female students and more men were involved in violent behaviors such as fights with friends and police. In relation to sexual behavior, male students were likely to have more partners and less protection while under influence of alcohol. It was concluded that gender is associated with recreational drug use, specifically tobacco and alcohol, as well as other risk behaviors in university students.

Modelos explicativos para o uso de álcool e drogas e a prática da enfermagem

A pratica da assistencia, pesquisa e ensino em enfermagem tem proporcionado o acumulo de consideravel experiencia sobre o cuidado ao paciente com problemas relacionados ao uso do alcool. Essa experiencia tem mostrado que existe entre os profissionais de enfermagem em geral grande necessidade de aquisicao de conhecimentos teoricos que propiciem a revisao dos modelos ou protocolos informais que embasam a pratica nessa area. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar breve revisao de literatura, que visa apresentar registro dos principais modelos teoricos existentes na literatura especializada explicativo do fenomeno do uso do alcool e drogas. Concluimos que, atraves do conhecimento dos modelos explicativos, o enfermeiro pode buscar meios que facilitem sua pratica de acordo com as necessidades da demanda de saude.Nursing care practice, research and teaching have led to the accumulation of considerable experience in care for patients with problems related to alcohol abuse. This experience has shown that, among nursing professionals in general, there is a great need to acquire theoretical knowledge, to review the models or informal protocols that support practice in this area. This article aims at examining literature on the main theoretical models to explain alcohol and drugs abuse. It is concluded that, through an understanding of the explanatory models, nurses can seek means of facilitating their practice according to the health demand needs.

Factores de riesgo asociados al uso de drogas en estudiantes adolescentes

UNLABELLED This study aims to identify risk factors associated with licit and illicit drug abuse among adolescent students in various public institutions. METHODS A descriptive study was carried out in Naguanagua, Carabobo, Venezuela and applied the Test Drug Use Screening Inventory questionnaire to an age-stratified sample, involving students between 12 and 17 years old. RESULTS High-risk areas associated with drugs abuse were family and mental health, while recreation, behavior and school are considered moderate risks. Peers, social abilities and drug use were identified as low-risk factors. The Total Severity Score is high, which may indicate that Venezuelan adolescents present higher risks for licit and illicit drugs abuse. At the same time, they present lower drug use rates, that is, the presence of protective factors interact with and modify the risk factors.This study aims to identify risk factors associated with licit and illicit drugs abuse among adolescent students in various public institutions. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in Naguanagua, Carabobo, Venezuela and applied the Test Drug Use Screening Inventory questionnaire to an age-stratified sample, involving students between 12 and 17 years old. Results: high-risk areas associated with drugs abuse were family and mental health, while recreation, behavior and school are considered moderate risks. Peers, social abilities and drugs use were identified as low-risk factors. The Total Severity Score is high, which may indicate that Venezuelan adolescents present higher risks for licit and illicit drugs abuse. At the same time, they present lower drugs use rates, that is, the presence of protective factors interact with and modify the risk factors.

A relação entre a iniciação do uso de drogas e o primeiro ato infracional entre os adolescentes em conflito com a lei

The aim of this study was to analyze a possible relationship between first experience with drugs and delinquency among adolescents in conflict with the law. In 2006, a cross-sectional study was conducted in facilities of the State Foundation for the Well-being of Minors (FEBEM), with a total occupancy of 312. The sample consisted of 150 male adolescents (48% of the total population) aged 12 to 21, confined for the first time in FEBEM detention centers for socio-educational rehabilitation in Sertãozinho and Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. An individual questionnaire with closed questions was used. Results showed high rates of first-time alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, occurring concomitantly around 12 years. The most common offenses were robbery (44.7%), followed by drug traffic (29.4%), and theft (9.3%), occurring around 13. The data show that drug use occurs prior to offenses.

Drug use and risk factors among secondary students

La adolescencia es una etapa de exposicion a multiples factores de riesgo, que hace los adolescentes vulnerables al uso de drogas y problemas asociados. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores de riesgo y el uso de drogas entre los estudiantes de educacion secundaria en Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. METODOS: Estudio exploratorio, transversal. La recoleccion de datos fue con el DUSI, version adaptada del portugues para el espanol, de forma autoaplicada, con previo consentimiento escrito de los padres. La muestra fue integrada por 695 adolescentes. RESULTADOS: 52.8% era mujer, media de edad de 13.03±.99 anos, 20.3% de los adolescentes usa drogas, 38% refiere que por curiosidad. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo identificados son: sexo masculino, edad mayor de 13 anos, estar en segundo y tercer grado, vivir con familiares, tener malas relaciones intrafamiliares, tener curiosidad y enfrentar situaciones desagradables. Predomino el uso experimental de alcohol y tabaco. Se encontro el uso de drogas ilicitas en menor porcentaje.UNLABELLED Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

Drugs use and risk behavior in a university community

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de drogas e os comportamentos de risco entre estudantes da Universidade de Guayaquil-Equador. Foi utilizado o questionario Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A amostra foi composta por 751 estudantes de primeiro ano de graduacao: 328 (44%) eram homens e 423 (56%) mulheres, com idade media 20 anos, e 88,5% solteiros. As substâncias mais utilizadas foram o alcool, o tabaco e a maconha, que sao usados de forma recreacional entre os estudantes. O uso de drogas (licitas e ilicitas) entre estudantes tem se tornado um campo de estudo bastante favoravel para o estabelecimento de politicas preventivas.

Uso de drogas e fatores de risco entre estudantes de ensino médio

La adolescencia es una etapa de exposicion a multiples factores de riesgo, que hace los adolescentes vulnerables al uso de drogas y problemas asociados. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores de riesgo y el uso de drogas entre los estudiantes de educacion secundaria en Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. METODOS: Estudio exploratorio, transversal. La recoleccion de datos fue con el DUSI, version adaptada del portugues para el espanol, de forma autoaplicada, con previo consentimiento escrito de los padres. La muestra fue integrada por 695 adolescentes. RESULTADOS: 52.8% era mujer, media de edad de 13.03±.99 anos, 20.3% de los adolescentes usa drogas, 38% refiere que por curiosidad. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo identificados son: sexo masculino, edad mayor de 13 anos, estar en segundo y tercer grado, vivir con familiares, tener malas relaciones intrafamiliares, tener curiosidad y enfrentar situaciones desagradables. Predomino el uso experimental de alcohol y tabaco. Se encontro el uso de drogas ilicitas en menor porcentaje.UNLABELLED Adolescence is a phase of exposure to several risk behaviors, especially the experimental use of drugs and its associated problems. The study aims to identify risk factors and drug use among secondary students in Comonfort, Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study, using a version of the Drug User Screening Inventory (DUSI) adapted from Portuguese to Spanish. The sample was composed of 695 (42.9%) students, 52.8% women. Drug use was present in 20.3%, predominantly alcohol and tobacco. Risk factors are related to the male gender, older than 13 years, second and third grades, living with relatives, poor relationships, curiosity, family conflicts, peer pressure and solidarity. CONCLUSION alcohol and tobacco are the most used drugs and are associated to curiosity and peer pressure.

Programa para fortalecer factores protectores que limitan el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de educación media

Los programas dirigidos a adolescentes indican que las intervenciones mas efectivas para prevenir el consumo de tabaco y alcohol incluyen entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. En el presente estudio se desarrollo una intervencion educativa encaminada a fortalecer los factores protectores autoestima y asertividad, aplicando canales de prevencion primaria. El Modelo de Etapas Motivacionales de Componentes Multiples y la Teoria del Aprendizaje Social brindan sustento teorico al presente estudio. Se realizaron dos mediciones, antes, y despues de haber concluido la intervencion. Resultados: se encontro un incremento de autoestima de Me=63.14 en la primer medicion a Me=84.38 al finalizar la intervencion. El nivel de asertividad se incremento significativamente de Me=60.09 a 81.26 al finalizar la intervencion en el grupo experimental (p<.001). Las medias de autoestima y asertividad fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control (p<.001).UNLABELLED Adolescent-oriented programs indicate that the most effective interventions to prevent tobacco and alcohol consumption include social ability training. This article reports on an educational intervention aimed at strengthening protective factors, self-esteem and assertiveness, applying primary prevention channels, based on the Multi-Component Motivational Stages theoretical model and Social Learning Theory. Measurements were made before and after the intervention. RESULTS We verified increased self-esteem scores with Me= 63.1 at first measurement and Me= 84.38 at the end of the intervention. A significant increase in assertiveness occurred after the intervention, with Me rising from 60 to 81.2 (p< .001). Average scores for self-esteem and assertiveness were significantly higher in the experimental group when compared to the control group (p< .001).

Alcohol effects on family relations: a case study

Los problemas relacionados al uso de alcohol han sido asociados a diversos factores, independiente de las causas atribuidas al fenomeno en cuestion. Cuando consideramos que el consumo y la dependencia de alcohol incrementan el riesgo para problemas sociales, de trabajo, familiares, fisicos, legales y con violencia, podemos afirmar que merece atencion y se configura como un problema de salud publica. La finalidad del estudio fue identificar las repercusiones del alcoholismo en las relaciones familiares y, por medio de la gestion de casos, incentivar el rescate de esas relaciones. Se trata de un estudio de caso. Los resultados demuestran que los trastornos que resultan del uso de alcohol penalizan enormemente los miembros de la familia, contribuyendo para altos niveles de conflicto interpersonal, violencia domestica, inadecuacion parental, abuso y negligencia infantil, dificultades financieras y legales y problemas clinicos relacionados al uso del alcohol.Problems related to alcohol abuse have been associated to different factors, regardless of the causes attributed to this phenomenon. Alcohol consumption and dependence is considered a public health problem and deserve attention because of the social, work, family, physical, legal and violence-related risks it represents. This study aimed to identify the effects of alcoholism on family relations and, by means of case management, to encourage the recovery of these relationships. The results show that the problems caused by alcohol abuse impose profound suffering to family members, which contributes to high levels of interpersonal conflict, domestic violence, parental inadequacy, child abuse and negligence, financial and legal difficulties, in addition to clinical problems associated to it.

Factores protectores y de riesgo asociados al uso de alcohol en adolescentes hijos de padre alcohólico, en el Perú

This research aimed to identify and analyze the protection factors and risks associated with alcohol use in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, whose parents are addicted to alcohol. This is a quantitative and exploratory study. Data were collected by means of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), which to quantify and categorize substance abuse indices with respect to physical, work and family conditions; peer relations and relation with the academician. Adolescents whose parents are addicted to alcohol demonstrated and in some cases even intoxication, but without a frequent use pattern. The risks and protection factors with respect to alcohol use among adolescents are associated, to a lesser or greater extent, with the behavior of family members and friends, as well as with the social context the youngsters are inserted in.This research aimed to identify and analyze the protection factors and risks associated with alcohol use in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, whose parents are addicted to alcohol. This is a quantitative and exploratory study. Data were collected by means of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), which to quantify and categorize substance abuse indices with respect to physical, work and family conditions; peer relations and relation with the academician. Adolescents whose parents are addicted to alcohol demonstrated and in some cases even intoxication, but without a frequent use pattern. The risks and protection factors with respect to alcohol use among adolescents are associated, to a lesser or greater extent, with the behavior of family members and friends, as well as with the social context the youngsters are inserted in.