Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta Ferrari

Oficinas de prevenção em um serviço de saúde para adolescentes: espaço de reflexão e de conhecimento compartilhado

O artigo analisa resultados e limites de um projeto de extensao universitaria realizado em um servico publico de saude com atendimento integral ao adolescente. O projeto foi desenvolvido atraves de metodologia participativa, envolveu academicos e profissionais das areas de saude e humanas, respondendo a necessidade de se realizar trabalhos de prevencao com adolescentes. O projeto justifica-se pelo aumento dos indices de gravidez nao planejada entre meninas; pelos indices de infeccao de DST e Aids; e pelo uso de drogas. Programas de saude e o cumprimento dos conteudos dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do MEC poderiam atuar para minimizar a vulnerabilidade sociocultural de jovens. Oficinas de prevencao possibilitaram melhor interacao entre os profissionais do servico e os adolescentes, alem de representarem um espaco de reflexao sobre assuntos relacionados a sexualidade, temas dificilmente discutidos com a familia ou na escola. As oficinas apresentam-se, portanto, como instrumentos eficazes de prevencao e de promocao a saude, podendo ser operacionalizadas, nos servicos de saude, por equipes interdisciplinares.

Adolescentes: conhecimentos sobre sexualidade antes e após a participação em oficinas de prevenção

Teenagers go through biological/psychosocial changes including experiencing his/her sexuality. Adolescent sexuality is often shown in unsafe sexual practices; lack of information, taboos or even the fear of accepting one s sexuality can turn it into a problem. This study aims at analyzing the knowledge of adolescents on sexuality, contraceptive methods, pregnancy, STD/AIDS before and after prevention workshops. 117 8th grade students of a public school in Londrina, Paraná, ages 14 to 16, comprised the sample. A pre- and post-test questionnaire was used and data analysis was based on the chi-square and Fishers exact tests. Boys began their sexual activity earlier than girls. In the pre-test, 28.2% of the adolescents were informed about the girls fertile period; after the workshops, this rate surpassed 55.8%. In the pre-test, AIDS was the most frequently mentioned STD; in the post-test other STDs were brought up (41.1%). The most well-known contraceptive methods were condoms and the pill. No statistically significant difference was found between the answers about risk behavior in relation to STD/AIDS transmission. Thus, it is necessary to reflect about and discuss ways of approaching the issue in schools in order to provide the adolescents with the knowledge they need to live their sexuality more safely.

Healthcare for adolescents: perceptions by physicians and nurses in family health teams

This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in basic healthcare units to analyze the perceptions of physicians and nurses from family health teams concerning healthcare for adolescents, using content analysis with an emphasis on thematic analysis. The discourse of these health professionals showed that care exists for adolescents in the family health service, but that: it is not systematized because of other priorities; adolescents fail to use the service; the health professionals feel unprepared to draw adolescents to the service and treat them; and in order to implement a healthcare program for adolescents in the family health strategy it would be necessary to reorganize the service to train the existing team members and hire other professionals. Thus, the interviewees value differentiated care for adolescents, and even while recognizing their limitations and reporting not having been trained, they conduct joint actions with other areas beyond health, demonstrating that they transcend the limits of the health service and seek new ways of treating adolescents holistically.

Adolescência: ações e percepção dos médicos e enfermeiros do Programa Saúde da Família

Entre as diversas atividades desenvolvidas pelos medicos e enfermeiros da Saude da Familia, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar as acoes programaticas, preventivas e de intervencao aos adolescentes e analisar a percepcao dos profissionais quanto as praticas de atencao a este grupo etario, por meio da analise quanti-qualitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que os enfermeiros realizam as acoes programaticas - pre-natal, preventivo do câncer uterino e planejamento familiar -com maior frequencia do que os medicos. Os medicos referem que seus atendimentos se esgotam na consulta. Ambos profissionais afirmam orientar a prevencao da gravidez, DST/aids e uso do preservativo. Quase a totalidade dos enfermeiros e pouco mais de 50% dos medicos fazem acoes de intervencao. Ha consenso quanto a necessidade da implantacao de um servico sistematizado e que o municipio precisara capacitar todos os profissionais, reestruturar os recursos materiais e humanos, inserir outros profissionais e integrar as acoes com servicos, alem do da saude.

Mortalidade pós-neonatal no território brasileiro: uma revisão da literatura

This is a systematic review regarding postnatal mortality, covering the period between 2004 and 2009. The objective was to identify how the causes of death and the relationship with socioeconomic conditions are stated in the literature. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 74.4% of which were published in public health journals, with 66.7% having an ecological study design. Nearly all articles addressed cause groups and their components (66.7%), followed by the remaining third, which addressed the identification of the determinant factors of the deaths. The Southeast region produced over 37% of the studies. In most Brazilians cities and states, there was a reduction of deaths by more than 50% by the end of the 1900s. Among the cause of death groups, the diarrhea-pneumonia group was predominant, followed by congenital abnormalities. The basic life conditions according to socioeconomic indicators - housing, basic sanitation, education, and accessibility to health - were determinants for the highest postnatal death rates due to reducible causes.This is a systematic review regarding postnatal mortality, covering the period between 2004 and 2009. The objective was to identify how the causes of death and the relationship with socioeconomic conditions are stated in the literature. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 74.4% of which were published in public health journals, with 66.7% having an ecological study design. Nearly all articles addressed cause groups and their components (66.7%), followed by the remaining third, which addressed the identification of the determinant factors of the deaths. The Southeast region produced over 37% of the studies. In most Brazilians cities and states, there was a reduction of deaths by more than 50% by the end of the 1900s. Among the cause of death groups, the diarrhea-pneumonia group was predominant, followed by congenital abnormalities. The basic life conditions according to socioeconomic indicators - housing, basic sanitation, education, and accessibility to health - were determinants for the highest postnatal death rates due to reducible causes.

PEDICULOSE NOS CENTROS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: CONHECIMENTOS E PRÁTICAS DOS TRABALHADORES

Abstract Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar losconocimientos y practicas acerca de la pediculosis que tienen losempleados de los Centros de Educacion Infantil (CEI), de las areasque abarcan dos unidades de Salud de la Familia, Londrina,Parana. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se aplicoun formulario con preguntas acerca de mitos y tabues, practicas,dudas y dificultades para poner fin a la infestacion de piojos enocho CEI. Posteriormente, se realizo un taller con materialeseducativos. Participo el 60,4% de los empleados, los que estabanpresentes en el dia determinado por la institucion. Casi todosreportaron la infestacion parasitaria, asi como en sus familias. Elproblema es enfrentado diariamente en los CEI (72,1%). Practicasadecuadas para hacer frente as este problema aun sonlimitadas. Persisten muchos mitos y tabues (que los piojos saltan,el uso de la sal, del vinagre y de la parafina, etc.) Las principalesdudas se relacionan con el tratamiento y la mayor dificultad quese presenta es la falta de cooperacion de los padres. Por ultimo,cabe senalar la necesidad y la importancia de que se implementenacciones intersectoriales, preventivas y sistematicas en el ambienteescolar.Palabras clave:e: Enfermeria Pediatrica. Piojos. Jardinesinfantiles. Cuidado del nino.

Adolescence: actions and perceptions of doctors and nurses within the Family Healthcare Program

Entre as diversas atividades desenvolvidas pelos medicos e enfermeiros da Saude da Familia, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar as acoes programaticas, preventivas e de intervencao aos adolescentes e analisar a percepcao dos profissionais quanto as praticas de atencao a este grupo etario, por meio da analise quanti-qualitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que os enfermeiros realizam as acoes programaticas - pre-natal, preventivo do câncer uterino e planejamento familiar -com maior frequencia do que os medicos. Os medicos referem que seus atendimentos se esgotam na consulta. Ambos profissionais afirmam orientar a prevencao da gravidez, DST/aids e uso do preservativo. Quase a totalidade dos enfermeiros e pouco mais de 50% dos medicos fazem acoes de intervencao. Ha consenso quanto a necessidade da implantacao de um servico sistematizado e que o municipio precisara capacitar todos os profissionais, reestruturar os recursos materiais e humanos, inserir outros profissionais e integrar as acoes com servicos, alem do da saude.

Postnatal mortality in Brazilian territory: a literature review

This is a systematic review regarding postnatal mortality, covering the period between 2004 and 2009. The objective was to identify how the causes of death and the relationship with socioeconomic conditions are stated in the literature. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 74.4% of which were published in public health journals, with 66.7% having an ecological study design. Nearly all articles addressed cause groups and their components (66.7%), followed by the remaining third, which addressed the identification of the determinant factors of the deaths. The Southeast region produced over 37% of the studies. In most Brazilians cities and states, there was a reduction of deaths by more than 50% by the end of the 1900s. Among the cause of death groups, the diarrhea-pneumonia group was predominant, followed by congenital abnormalities. The basic life conditions according to socioeconomic indicators - housing, basic sanitation, education, and accessibility to health - were determinants for the highest postnatal death rates due to reducible causes.This is a systematic review regarding postnatal mortality, covering the period between 2004 and 2009. The objective was to identify how the causes of death and the relationship with socioeconomic conditions are stated in the literature. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 74.4% of which were published in public health journals, with 66.7% having an ecological study design. Nearly all articles addressed cause groups and their components (66.7%), followed by the remaining third, which addressed the identification of the determinant factors of the deaths. The Southeast region produced over 37% of the studies. In most Brazilians cities and states, there was a reduction of deaths by more than 50% by the end of the 1900s. Among the cause of death groups, the diarrhea-pneumonia group was predominant, followed by congenital abnormalities. The basic life conditions according to socioeconomic indicators - housing, basic sanitation, education, and accessibility to health - were determinants for the highest postnatal death rates due to reducible causes.

Associação entre assistência pré-natal e mortes neonatais, 2000-2009, Londrina-PR

The study aimed to analyze the prenatal care for mothers of infants who died in the neonatal period, in Londrina-PR, through a quantitative retrospective cohort study, between 2000 and 2009. Almost all women held the prenatal care (91.4 %), with 55.1 % up to six consultations. In ten years, the low number of visits (≤ 6) predominated. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of prenatal visits and maternal sociodemographic variables (p < 0.004) and characteristics of the labor and the newborn (p < 0.001). The surgical delivery was predominant among women with ≥ 7 queries (71.3 %). Among women with ≤ 6 prenatal visits, 65.9 % of births occurred before 32 weeks of gestation, 79.8 % of the newborns had Apgar scores ≤ 6 at 1 minute and 51.7 % weight ≤ 1000 grams. Most deaths occurred in the early neonatal period (72.6 %). We highlight the necessity of qualitative and integrative prenatal care in this city, considering beyond biological conditions but also maternal socio-economic conditions in order to reduce neonatal deaths.

Anomalias congênitas: internações em unidade pediátrica

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil das criancas com anomalias congenitas em unidade pediatrica. METODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e retrospectiva. A amostra constituiu-se dos prontuarios de criancas de 0 a 12 anos que foram internadas na unidade pediatrica de um hospital escola publico em Londrina, Parana, de 2007 a 2009. Os dados foram obtidos por busca ativa aos registros processados no programa Epi-Info®, e submetidos a analise estatistica descritiva. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 282 primeiras internacoes de criancas com anomalias congenitas. Destas, 130 (46,0%) necessitaram de reinternacoes e totalizaram, portanto, 412. A media de internacao foi de tres dias. Houve predominio do sexo masculino e faixa etaria de tres a sete anos. Entre as anomalias prevaleceram aquelas do aparelho geniturinario (19,6%), seguidas pelas fendas labiais e palatinas (17,3%) e pelo aparelho circulatorio (16,2%). Foram realizados 269 procedimentos cirurgicos para corrigir as anomalias. CONCLUSOES: Este estudo reafirma a importância epidemiologica das anomalias congenitas, apontando para a necessidade de prevenir e controlar os fatores desencadeadores.OBJECTIVE To analyze the profile of children with congenital anomalies admitted to a pediatric unit. METHODS This is a quantitative and retrospective research. The sample consisted of records of children aged from 0 to 12 years old who were hospitalized in the pediatric unit of the University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Southern Brazil, from 2007 to 2009. Data were collected by chart review processed in the Epi-Info® program, and they were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS There were 282 first admissions of children with congenital anomalies. Of these, 130 (46.0%) required readmission totaling therefore 412 hospitalizations. The mean stay was three days. There was a male predominance, and the age range was from three to seven years old. The most frequent congenital anomalies were in the genital and urinary systems (19.6%), followed by cleft lip and palate (17.3%), and those of the circulatory system (16.2%). There were 269 surgical procedures to correct there anomalies. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the epidemiological importance of congenital malformations, highlighting the need to prevent and control the triggering factors.