Rosiberto Salustiano da Silva Junior

Previsão do vento utilizando o modelo atmosférico WRF para o estado de Alagoas

This paper aim to analyses wind prediction over the Alagoas State (Brazil) using the WRF model. A 1-yr (August/2007 to July/2008) anemometer collected data is used to analyze wind pattern and the model predictions were statistically validated using stations located in the three State mesoregions: Backlands (Sertao), Rural (Agreste) and Coast (Litoral). The results showed that quality of WRF model prediction proved to be quite satisfactory especially in the interior of the State during the dry season. The wind predictions in the rainy season for coastal zones showed bias of 1.77 ms-1 and RMSE of 3.61 m.s-1, while in the dry season these ratios were 0.98 m.s-1 and 2.99 m.s-1, respectively. In the interior of the State, these indicators reached bias of -0.2 m.s-1 and RMSE of 2.75 m.s-1 for dry months, and bias of -0.1 m.s-1 and RMSE of 2.63 m.s-1 for rainy season. Some aspects of the WRF model must be further tested and analyzed to improve the prediction during the rainy period, especially the parameterizations of cumulus and clouds microphysics. The obtained statistical indexes were equivalent or better, in some cases, if compared to other similar studies, indicating that the WRF is a good tool for wind forecasting.

Variabilidade da temperatura do solo em função da liteira em fragmento remanescente de mata atlântica

A temperatura do solo (TS) e um dos elementos importantes na caracterizacao do microclima havendo poucos estudos sobre sua variabilidade em ambientes florestais. Um estudo experimental foi realizado dentro de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica remanescente, no municipio de Coruripe, Alagoas, no periodo entre junho/2009 a maio/2011, com o objetivo de caracterizar a variabilidade da temperatura anual e sazonal e a influencia da cobertura de liteira no solo. Os dados foram obtidos atraves de uma torre micrometeorologica de 26 m de altura instalada dentro da floresta. Para os perfis de temperatura do solo foram utilizados termopares tipo cobre/constantan, nas profundidades 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 e 100 cm, no primeiro ano de estudo e de 1, 5, 10, 20 e 50 cm nas areas com e sem cobertura por liteira, no segundo ano de estudo em que os resultados obtidos apresentaram maior variabilidade da TS entre as camadas mais superficiais. O comportamento da TS foi bastante distinto entre os periodos com o seco apresentando uma amplitude termica maior enquanto, por sua vez, o chuvoso registrou as maiores variacoes da TS com a profundidade cujos resultados ainda indicaram que a cobertura por liteira produziu maior variacao da TS com a profundidade do solo.

Estudo da Temperatura do Solo em Dois Biomas Florestais nos Períodos, Chuvoso e Seco (Study of Soil Temperature in Two Forest Biomes in the Periods, Rainy and Dry)

Este trabalho buscou realizar um estudo de caso da variacao da temperatura do solo (TS) em dois biomas florestais, floresta amazonica e mata atlântica, para um mes considerado chuvoso e outro seco. Para a area da floresta amazonica, foram utilizados dados da torre K34 do grupo de micrometeorologica do LBA-INPA, localizada na Reserva Biologica do Cuieiras, e analisando os perfis de temperatura do solo atraves de sensores MCM 101 (IMAG-DLO, Wageningen The Netherlands) nas profundidades 2, 5, 10, 20 e 50 cm, para o mes de abril (chuvoso) e setembro (seco) de 2009. Na area de mata atlântica os dados foram obtidos atraves de uma torre micrometeorologica de 26 m de altura localizada na cidade de Coruripe-AL, e analisando os perfis de temperatura do solo atraves de termopares tipo cobre/constantan nas profundidades 1, 5, 10, 20, e 50 cm, para o mes de junho (chuvoso) e novembro (seco) de 2009. Observou-se que a variabilidade TS dentro da floresta amazonica apresenta pouca oscilacoes diaria, tanto para o periodo seco (4 oC), quanto para o chuvoso (1,2 oC). Enquanto que a mata atlântica mostrou variabilidade distinta entre os periodos, o periodo seco obteve maxima amplitude (18 °C) e o periodo chuvoso teve pouca variacao (1 °C). A B S T R A C T This work sought to accomplish case study of the variation of soil temperature (TS) in two forest biomes, Amazon rainforest and Atlantic forest for a month under consideration rainy and a dry. For the area of the Amazon rainforest, we used data from the K34 tower of the group of micrometeorological LBA-INPA, located in the Biological Reserve Cuieiras and analyzing the profiles of soil temperature sensors through 101 MCM (IMAG-DLO, Wageningen The Netherlands ) in the depths of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cm, for the month of April (rainy) and September (dry) 2009. In the area of Atlantic forest the data were obtained through a micrometeorological tower 26 m high located in the city of Coruripe-AL, and analyzing the profiles of soil temperature using thermocouples type copper / constantan in the depths of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm for the month of June (rainy) and November (dry) 2009. It was observed that TS variability within the Amazon rainforest has little daily oscillations for both the dry period (4 °C), and for the rainy period (1,2 °C). While the Atlantic forest showed distinct variability between periods, the dry obtained maximum amplitude (18 °C) and rainy had little variation (1 °C). Keywords: micrometeorology, thermal conductivity, tropical forest

Wind Power in Girau do Ponciano, Alagoas, Brazil Using Anemometric Data and Microscale Modeling

The wind potential in the Agreste region of Northeastern Brazil has important features for energy exploration, but, stills unexplored. This work analyzes 3.1 yrs anemometer tower measurements in the Girau do Ponciano, Alagoas state. The observational data was recorded from October 2007 to October 2010. Three periods were defined to constrain the seasonal wind patterns: Annual, Dry (October-January) and Wet (May-August). Hourly and monthly series showed the average wind speed was higher than 7 m s, reaching 8.5 m s during the dry season. Further, the wind direction was also favorable with less variability, concentrated between NE and SE. During nighttime the wind speed 10 m s were more frequent. The Weibull fit is more distributed (concentrated) during the dry (wet) season close to 8 m s (7 m s). The AEP (Cf) parameter estimated by the WAsP model varied between 3 to 10 GWh (35% to 65%). Nevertheless, Girau do Ponciano domain was positioned nearby two highways and close to an electrical substation in the Arapiraca city. Other geographic conditions (topography inclination < 15°, the absence of obstacles, and low vegetation) are also favorable to future wind farm installation in this area.

STUDY OF THE WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH MEASUREMENTS WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION FROM CRAÍBAS/AL STATION AND SIMULATION WITH WASP MODEL

Wind energy is seen as one of the promising generation of electricity, as a source of cheap and renewable, is benefit to reduce the environmental impacts of the dam. Along with the hydroelectric networks, the energy produced by the wind will help to increase power generation capacity in the country. That from speed data and direction municipality Wind Craibas in the corresponding period 2014 - 2015, estimated the wind potential of the region. The tool used in the treatment of the collected data was the Wasp, making simulations of three different levels of measurement, producing a fictitious wind farm with powerful wind turbine. With the model, WASP helps estimate the probability distribution of Weibull and scale parameters A and K. he predominant wind direction is southeast and the best wind power and intensity density levels took place in 70m and 100m high , with about 201 W / m² and 243 W / m² respectively. But when evalua ted the inclusion of fictitious wind farm, the best use happened at 100m tall with production around 73.039 GWh , which can be attributed this improvement to increased efficiency of the wind turbine used in the simulation.

PROGNOSIS OF THE WIND FOR ALAGOAS STATE USING WRF MODEL: STUDY OF THE UPDATE TOPOGRAPHY, LAND USE AND FRICTION VELOCITY

This paper aims to make an evaluative study of the updates topography, land use and friction velocity performed in the atmospheric WRF model, and prove its efficiency in simulating the wind speed and direction patterns using measurements of anemometric station Maragogi/AL, during the period from August/2007 to July/2008, focusing to May/2008 showed low correlation coefficient indices. The changes resulted in improvements made in the correlation coefficient for the wind speed of 0.15 to 0.61, however it is not perceived improvement to the wind direction. Highlighted the fact that the topography and friction velocity were the variables that most influenced the simulations, however there was little difference between the default condition the update condition for land use. The average speed for the city of Maragogi/AL was 5,27m/s predominant direction of South East wind. Generally noticed an improvement in the simulations when implemented updates in the model.

WIND VELOCITY FORECAST USING WRF MODEL ON THE CENTRAL REGION OF ALAGOAS STATE (BRAZIL)

The PVPN project (Previsao do Vento em Parques Eolicos no Nordeste Brasileiro “Wind forecast for wind farms in the Brazilian Northeast”) has been made aiming to developing a methodology for the prediction of short and medium-term wind energy in wind farms, proper Brazilian Northeast. This paper presents results from an intensive campaign, which, wind velocity and micrometeorological measurements including turbulence are made. Estimates made by the WRF model for the wind velocity were compared with friction velocity and the fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat). The results showed that the model represented well the daily cycles of the four variables with correlation coefficients between 0.79 and 0.94. The estimation of the wind velocity were very good with a difference of only 10.55%. The estimate of the remaining variables was bad to reasonable.

STUDY OF DISPERSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE EMITTED BY BIOMASS BURNING IN THE AMAZON ON AUGUST 19, 2010 BASED ON WRF-CHEM SIMULATION AND REMOTE SENSING

The Amazon region has a unique tropical ecosystem that still preserves much of its native forest, however, has undergone extensive changes due to the constant presence of fire in the region. The chemical module of the atmospheric model WRF (WRF/CHEM – Weather Reaserch Forecasting/CHEMistry), allowed analysis of the concentration and dispersion of the trace gas Carbon Monoxide (CO), arising from burning source detected operationally in the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), by AVHRR sensors of the NOAA-15, NOAA16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 polar satellites; images of MODIS sensor on NASA’s polar satellites TERRA and AQUA, and the images of the geostationary satellites GOES-12 and MSG-2, on August 19, 2010. To evaluate the dispersion wind direction and was used at 10 meters high, in order to estimate the destination of the gas plume emitted by the forest fire, is also an analysis of the transport of atmospheric trace gas column through remote sensing with instrument information AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) aboard the AQUA satellite. It was seen CO can affect local air quality by taking high concentrations within a few kilometers of the emission source ( approximately 2000 ppbv), but with the dispersion of the gas due to the wind, it is possible to see concentrations close to 500 ppbv at least 300 km from the emission source, with transport of pollutant reaching other countries of South America.

AVALIANDO PARAMETRIZAÇÕES DA CAMADA LIMITE PLANETÁRIA DO WRF UTILIZANDO DADOS DE VELOCIDADE E DIREÇÃO DO VENTO DO PROJETO CHUVA EM FORTALEZA

O objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar seis esquemas fisicos de Camada Limite Planetaria (CLP) presentes no modelo WRF v3.3, comparando os resultados de simulacoes para a velocidade e direcao do vento com dados de radiossondagens realizadas em Fortaleza, durante a campanha do Projeto Chuva, em abril de 2011. Todos os esquemas apresentaram indices estatisticos proximos entre si, mostrando que foram capazes de reproduzir, de forma satisfatoria, o perfil do vento nos primeiros 5 km da atmosfera. Os resultados indicam ainda que o modelo apresentou uma tendencia de superestimar em media 23,5% a velocidade do vento, principalmente em condicoes que houve precipitacao.