Rosziati Ibrahim

Digital watermarking algorithm using LSB

In this paper, a simple and robust watermarking algorithm is presented by using the third and the fourth least significant bits (LSB) technique. The proposed algorithm is more robust than the traditional LSB technique in hiding the data inside the image. Using the proposed algorithm, we will embed two bits in the third and fourth LSB. Experimental results show that the quality of the watermarked image is higher.

FORMALIZATION OF THE DATA FLOW DIAGRAM RULES FOR CONSISTENCY CHECK

In system development life cycle (SDLC), a system model can be developed using Data Flow Diagram (DFD). DFD is graphical diagrams for specifying, constructing and visualizing the model of a system. DFD is used in defining the requirements in a graphical view. In this paper, we focus on DFD and its rules for drawing and defining the diagrams. We then formalize these rules and develop the tool based on the formalized rules. The formalized rules for consistency check between the diagrams are used in developing the tool. This is to ensure the syntax for drawing the diagrams is correct and strictly followed. The tool automates the process of manual consistency check between data flow diagrams.

An Automatic Tool for Generating Test Cases from the System's Requirements

An automatic generator is used to generate programming codes from a specific domain. We use this concept to introduce an automatic tool for software testing, where the tool is used to generate the test cases automatically according to the systems requirements. Manual creation of test cases is time consuming and high costing. The purpose of producing the tool to generate test cases automatically is to reduce the cost of testing the system as well as to save the time of deriving test cases manually. The systems requirements are transformed using use case diagrams, flow of events and sequence diagrams. The flow of events and sequence diagrams are used to check the consistency of the use cases as well as the validity of test cases.

Feature Extraction for Traditional Malay Musical Instruments Classification System

Automatic musical instrument classification system deals with a large number of sound database and various types of features schemes. With the lack of data pre-processing, it might become invaluable asset that can impact the whole classification tasks. In handling an effective classification system, finding the best data sets with the best features schemes often a vital step in the data representation and feature extraction process. Thus, this study is conducted in order to investigate the impact of several factors that might affecting the classification accuracy such as audio length, segmented frame size and data sets size (for training and testing) towards Traditional Malay musical instruments sounds classification system. The perception-based and MFCC features schemes with total of 37 features was utilized in this study. Meanwhile, Multi-Layered Perceptrons classifier is employed to evaluate the modified data sets and extracted features schemes in terms of their classification performance. Results show that the highest accuracy of 99.57% was obtained from the best data sets with the combination of full features. It is also revealed that the identified factors had a significant role to the performance of classification accuracy. Hence, this study suggest that further feature analysis research is necessary for better solution in Traditional Malay musical instruments sounds classification system problem.

A Comparative Study of Web Application Testing and Mobile Application Testing

Web application have gained increased acceptance over the years in companies and organization as the world move to a global village. Software developers have also grown interest in developing web applications compared to stand-alone application because of the immense benefits it offers such as ubiquity, platform dependence, low cost of support and maintenance, better speed and performance, piracy proof etc. As mobile application emerged in the last decade, attention has been focused on mobile applications by organizations and businesses in order to maximize their profits as much as possible. There has been a rapid increase of software release in the mobile applications store. As the growth of both web application and mobile application increase, the question of quality assurance remains a concern. A comparative study of software testing techniques can be performed to improve the standard of testing of both web and mobile application. This paper therefore reviews the similarity and difference in the testing mechanism.

The ideal data representation for feature extraction of traditional Malay musical instrument sounds classification

In presenting the appropriate data sets, various data representation and feature extraction methods have been discovered previously. However, almost all the existing methods are utilized based on the Western musical instruments. In this study, the data representation and feature extraction methods are applied towards Traditional Malay musical instruments sounds classification. The impact of five factors that might affecting the classification accuracy which are the audio length, segmented frame size, starting point, data distribution and data fraction (for training and testing) are investigated. The perception-based and MFCC features schemes with total of 37 features was used. While, Multi-Layered Perceptrons classifier is employed to evaluate the modified data sets in terms of the classification performance. The results show that the highest accuracy of 97.37% was obtained from the best data sets with the combination of full features.

Progressive Pixel-to-Pixel Evaluation to Obtain the Hard and Smooth Region for Image Compression

In this paper, we propose a new image compression scheme that is based on the wavelet transform. The image is first divided into 64 × 64 pixels block. The progressive pixel-to-pixel evaluation is done to find the individual pixel intensity in each block. Then the different value between the maximum pixel intensity value and the minimum pixel intensity value is calculated. This value will lead to a special representation of each where the block with high difference value is set as the hard region block while the block with low difference value is set as the smooth region block. This region will be decomposed individually using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and thresholded using different threshold method based on the block characteristic. The proposed method shows compression did well on image with a large smooth area.

Cluster size determination using JPEG files

File can be recovered by simply using traditional recovery means. However, a technique is required to distinguish one file to another when dealing with hard disk with corrupted filesystem metadata. As in a computer file system, a cluster is the smallest allocation of disk space to hold a file, information about the cluster size can help in determining the start of file which can be used to distinguish one file to another. This paper introduces a method for acquiring the cluster size by using data sets from DFRWS 2006 and DFRWS 2007. A tool called PredClus is developed to automatically display the predicted cluster size according to probabilistic percentage. By using PredClus, the cluster size used in both DFRWS 2006 and DFRWS 2007 can be determined. Thus, JPEG images that are not located at the starting address of any cluster are most probably thumbnails or embedded files.

Rough Set Approach for Attributes Selection of Traditional Malay Musical Instruments Sounds Classification

Feature selection has become very important research in musical instruments sounds for handling the problem of ‘curse of dimensionality’. In literature, various feature selection techniques have been applied in this domain focusing on Western musical instruments sounds. However, study on feature selection using rough sets of non-Western musical instruments sounds including Malay Traditional musical instruments is inadequate and still needs an intensive research. Thus, in this paper, an alternative feature selection technique using rough set theory based on Maximum Degree of dependency of Attributes (MDA) technique proposed by [8] for Traditional Malay musical instruments sounds is proposed. The modeling process comprises eight phases: data acquisition, sound editing, data representation, feature extraction, data discretization, data cleansing, feature selection using proposed technique and feature validation via classification. The results show that the highest classification accuracy of 99.82% was achieved from the best 17 features with 1-NN classifier.

Definition of Consistency Rules between UML Use Case and Activity Diagram

Consistency is the situation where two or more overlapping elements of different diagrams that describe the behavior of system are jointly satisfiable. It is one of the attributes to measure the quality of UML model. Even though the research on consistency between diagrams is rapidly increased, there is still lack of research of consistency driven by use case. Therefore, this paper will define elements of use case and activity diagram, also consistency between them using logic approach. Based on an example of UML model consists of both diagrams, we show how the diagrams fulfilled our proposed consistency rules. Furthermore, the elements involved in the consistency rules are detected and formally reasoned.