Roy C. Park

Knowledge-based health service considering user convenience using hybrid Wi-Fi P2P

Recently, with changing paradigms in health, the focus of healthcare is shifting from treatment after contracting disease to prevention and early diagnosis of disease. Accordingly, the healthcare paradigm is changing from diagnosis and treatment to preventive management, emphasizing prevention of chronic diseases, such as obesity. In particular, obesity in children and adolescents has become a global issue. Lifestyle and health management using BT–IT convergence is needed to improve and manage the health of children and adolescents, and convenience and accessibility must be improved. For that, use of a machine-to-machine (M2M) u-health cluster that allows wireless network connection is increasing, along with wireless networks for measuring biometrics. Expanded to communications between people and objects as well as between objects, M2M refers to the next-generation convergence infra-architecture that offers intelligent services through various media. Because various wireless devices form a cluster when building a service platform using M2M, when the number of users with various M2M devices increases, data traffic increases and causes network overload, deteriorating system performance. To solve this problem, services are increasingly being built by combining a conventional network and Wi-Fi technology. However, in an M2M network, there is a limitation due to low transfer speed, because the network processes biometrics and data through different sensor nodes, and wireless communications based on the system is composed of different wireless sensor nodes. Thus, in this paper, we proposed a knowledge-based health service considering user convenience using a hybrid wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. For knowledge-based health services in conventional M2M-based smart health services, hybrid Wi-Fi P2P and wireless devices must be linked. Because there are different ways to link hybrid Wi-Fi P2P devices, depending on the network environment, in this study, a dynamic configuration mechanism is applied to Wi-Fi P2P linkage of wireless devices in an M2M environment. The proposed service provides a high-quality health service (whenever patients use the knowledge-based health service) by building a network using a dispersed cross-layer optimization algorithm that optimizes variables of the transmission control protocol/internet protocol stack in order to improve the energy efficiency of the u-health sensor network and system reliability.

M2M-based smart health service for human UI/UX using motion recognition

Home networks currently dominated by human–object or human–human information production, exchange, processing, and paradigms are transitioning to machine to machine (M2M) due to the sudden introduction of embedded devices. Recently, due to the spread of IT equipment, more M2M-related devices are being used, and M2M-based projects are underway in various fields such as M2M-based u-city, u-port, u-work, u-traffic, etc. M2M has been applied in various fields, and u-healthcare is attracting attention in the M2M medical field. U-healthcare refers to technology in which ordinary patients can receive prescription services from experts by continuously monitoring changes in their health status during daily life at home based on wired and wireless communications infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an M2M-based smart health service for human UI/UX using motion recognition. Non-IP protocol, not TCP/IP protocol, has been used in sensor networks applied to M2M-based u-healthcare. However, sensors should be connected to the Internet in order to expand the use of services and facilitate management of the M2M-based sensor network. Therefore, we designed an M2M-based smart health service considering network mobility since data measured by the sensors should be transferred over the Internet. Unlike existing healthcare platforms, M2M-based smart health services have been developed for motion recognition as well as bio-information. Smart health services for motion recognition can sense four kinds of emotions, anger, sadness, neutrality, and joy, as well as stress using sensors. Further, they can measure the state of the individual by recognizing a user’s respiratory and heart rates using an ECG sensor. In the existing medical environment, most medical information systems managing patient data use a centralized server structure. Using a fixed network, it is easy to collect and process limited data, but there are limits to processing a large amount of data collected from M2M devices in real-time. Generally, M2M communication used in u-healthcare consists of many networked devices and gateways. An M2M network may use standardized wireless technology based on the requirements of a particular device. Network mobility occurs when the connecting point changes according to the movement of any network, and the terminal can be connected without changing its address. If the terminal within the network communicates with any corresponding node, communication between the terminal and corresponding node should be continuously serviced without discontinuation. The method proposed in this paper can easily respond to dynamic changes in the wireless environment and conduct systematic management based on user’s motion recognition using technology to support mobility among sensor nodes in M2M.

PHR open platform based smart health service using distributed object group framework

As an interest in health and disease has increased, medical service has changed to prevention of disease and health care from treatment oriented service. Medical service industry is creating various services and added value for promotion of health. Aging, extension of life expectancy, increase in lifestyle and income growth have brought about a change in paradigm of medical service which led smart health to become an important issue. Smart health caused medical service for promotion of health to change into remote medical treatment that uses personal health record from medical service which has been provided by mainly large hospitals. Medical service for promotion of health has developed into u-Healthcare which monitors condition of health in everyday life. This enabled problems of time and space constraints that occur in medical service for promotion of health that requires a medical doctor to examine bio-signal related information of a patient while facing a patient to be solved. It is difficult for a remote medical treatment to care for chronic patients who require a care of lifestyle because it focuses on treating specific diseases. As a remote medical treatment does not provide innovative medical service and it only delivers general bio information on a patient to a medical doctor remotely, remote medical open platform is needed. Thus, in this paper, we proposed a PHR open platform based smart health services using the distributed object group framework. A PHR open platform based smart health system is distributed object group framework based smart health service for managing chronic diseases. When Medical WBAN sensor uses multi-channel in transmitting data, emergency data is very important in patient’s life, smart health environment is built using distributed network considering importance according to data. As WBAN sensor is very different from other networks in terms of application, architecture and density of development, it is important for WBAN sensor to be combined with external network. High quality of service of integrated network as well as link connectivity should be maintained. Since automatic diagnosis function should be reinforced in order for remote diagnosis service to be provided, integration of each small unit system and model design are important. Therefore, smart health network environment that makes the most of performance of distributed network based on automation technique and distributed agent for optimum design of system is built.

P2P cloud network services for IoT based disaster situations information

In order to cope with disaster situations properly, it is very important to identify the disaster scale and provide the accurate information of the site to the appropriate authorities including disaster site and Central Disaster Management Center, on-site command post, etc. and share the information provided. In particular, sharing information on disaster situations should control the disaster quickly to prevent the disaster situation from lasting and expanding. However, in the event of a large-scale disaster, delay is caused in the existing commercial network and therefore, the disaster situation cannot be communicated quickly and accurately. In order to determine the situation exactly in the event of a disaster, safety and connectivity of the network and flow of data are very important. Even if the stability of the network and connection of nodes are resolved in the network of each agency business operator, it is necessary to share the platform between networks for IoT/M2M communication for the smooth flow of data. Recently, the disaster safety net of combining existing disaster standard technology with Ubiquitous Technology and Smart IT such as Tetra of Europe, iDEN of the U.S., etc. has been built for disaster safety communications. In addition, systems useful for demand-centered, site-centered immediate disaster response by using Mobile, SNS, cloud computing, etc. are being built and designed to play an important role in the disaster information system especially through IoT, P2P cloud network, big data, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed the P2P cloud network service for IoT based disaster situations information according to the paradigm of the changing times. The proposed service is to combine IoT/M2M network with P2P cloud service for rapid and smooth response in the event of a disaster and provide the results as social services such as SNS. To this end, the wide area wireless disaster information network system has been built in the local and each local network is connected to each other to provide disaster situations by using the server of the disaster area. At this time, each server was to be interconnected via P2P network and to be connected automatically by software-based network in P2P Cloud System. Also, the cognitive cycle was applied for selecting optimal wireless link and router of P2P Cloud-based Disaster Information Network and the danger situations of the disaster area were to be provided to the user by configuring disaster information component for providing services and building central disaster information platform managing it.

Picocell based telemedicine health service for human UX/UI

Telemedicine health created from the combination of IT and BT technologies has received increased attention for improved quality of life in medically vulnerable regions. As the health care paradigm shifts to preventive management in diagnosis and treatment, the importance of prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity is growing. In this paper, we proposed a picocell-based telemedicine health service for the human UX/UI based on a BT-IT fusion technology considering user convenience. The proposed medical service is a BT-IT fusion technology based on the telemedicine health service that can overcome the spatial limitations of hospital-oriented medical services in order to improve user convenience while naturally combining life and medical service spaces. Human UX/UI technology, which is based on sensor network and biomedical technology, requires next generation wireless communication between devices that connects the inside of the human body with the outside. A heterogeneous network is composed within a single domain, as the frequency bandwidth used by the medical device in the ISM bandwidth is different. If a wireless device and low output ISM device spatially access a heterogeneous network, then an interference problem will occur between the small cells. Additionally, there can be interference as the traffic is off-loaded from the base station at the grouped region of a hotspot. A fatal problem may occur due to an information error of the patient due to interference. To solve the interference problem generated by the telemedicine health platform, the performance of the picocell-based telemedicine health service can be improved by applying scheduling using ABS(Almost Blank Subframe) in the time domain. Therefore, the human UX/UI and the provided guidelines can quickly provide patient information, thereby increasing safety of patients.

ABS Scheduling Technique for Interference Mitigation of M2M Based Medical WBAN Service

A wireless body area network (WBAN) is a technology for transmitting relevant device data from information terminals attached to the body. Since it does not need connection lines, it is more convenient than a wired communications system. It is better than conventional wireless communications in terms of security, power efficiency, and data transmission speed. A medical WBAN for health care consists of a sensor, an actuator, and a communications module, and is connected to a wireless network. Because it moves with people, a medical WBAN device attached to the body features network mobility. When a medical WBAN sensor uses multiple channels, it needs to choose the channel with the best data transmission rate in order to send urgent data related to a patient’s life, which is very important. Therefore, significant and urgent data should be transmitted faster than other data that are less important. However, medical WBAN devices have different frequency bandwidths, so there are heterogeneous networks, which can result in a serious problem. In such a case, to send data smoothly, it is necessary to calculate the delay time of a transmission channel and choose a channel with the best performance in order to send urgent data. But in choosing a channel, conventional data transmission selection only takes into account transmission speed and data transmission volume. In that case, to calculate an accurate delay time for a real transmission channel, it is necessary to compute delay time, which reflects retransmission according to the error rate caused by interference on the transmission channel. It is necessary to employ an optimal data transmission selection method when it comes to urgent data transmission. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an almost blank subframe (ABS) scheduling technique for interference mitigation under a machine-to-machine-based medical WBAN. For implementation of the proposed algorithm, this study proposes a scenario with a medical WBAN and a distributed structure to recognize the effect on a WBAN device’s processing volume, and we designed a heterogeneous network system. For system simplification, the load occurring on the system can be defined as the user rate in a cluster. For algorithm reliability, it was defined as an 8-basis frame. In addition, to dynamically balance the load between the health gateway and the WBAN device user, this paper also proposes a high-speed load balancing algorithm. The proposed algorithm means that a selective subframe is used as a normal subframe or a mandatory ABS according to the load of the health gateway and the WBAN gateway, and overall performance is improved through an efficient offload of the health gateway. In this case, the reference signal received power difference between the health gateway and the WBAN gateway layer is measured. If specific user equipment receives more power signals from the WBAN gateway than from the health gateway, it is a RE WBAN device; otherwise, it represents a central WBAN device. Also, in this paper, devices of each site prefer reference signal received quality-based cell selection for a smooth process. If carrier aggregation is not smoothly applied to each site, inter-site interference can occur. Therefore, by applying ABS to carrier aggregation, it is possible to improve performance.

Performance analysis of advanced bus information system using LTE antenna

Improving traffics flow represents a critical situation due to recent increases in traffic volume, despite continuous construction and extension of highways and national roads. Therefore, an effective traffic control and management method using advanced technologies is required in order to relieve traffic congestion. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) applies advanced traffic, electronics, communication, and control technologies to various elements of transportation systems including roads, vehicles, and in order to collect, manage, and provide real-time traffic information. This can maximize the effectiveness of transportation facilities, implement increases in traffic convenience and safety, and reduce energy. A bus information system is an advanced transportation system that provides information, which is collected and processed in real-time, on operating city buses to users through advanced transportation networks. It provides bus operation management services, including route information bus location information to drivers. To ensure the accuracy of the bus information system, the structure of the receivers must be complex, as different base stations must account for buses in each region. This results in difficulty in obtaining real-time information due to the unsmooth hand-over between the base station and bus. In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis of an LTE antenna for use in an advanced bus information system. In the proposed design antenna, a particle swarm optimization method based on HFSS is used to design an LTE antenna. The aim of this paper is to design and fabricate a CPW-fed rectangular LTE antenna as well as study the effects of antenna length, width, substrate parameters relative dielectric constant, and substrate thickness on radiation parameters of band width. When the antenna was designed, a dual-band, dual-polarized antenna was used to secure bandwidth and improve performance.

Cloud based u-healthcare network with QoS guarantee for mobile health service

Today’s medical industry can be represented by a human-centered u-healthcare paradigm that is available and accessible anywhere, where high-tech IT can serve as the basis at any time and any place. In addition, in the medical industry, studies of many of the developments and applications are actively conducted based on the development of information communication technology. The aim of medical-information systems is the construction of an advanced IT and integrated u-healthcare system that evolves in the direction of integrated medical-based IT-convergence systems. Accordingly, to resolve the problems of telemedicine, in terms of the remote access to medical data, some public and private initiatives have been proposed, ranging from patient-mobility approaches to medical data. In addition, regarding GENICloud, which provides links with the existing future Internet testbeds and the Eucalyptus Cloud, two out of the seven GENIAM APIs have been announced as the common APIs of the future Internet testbeds in GENI, and they have been implemented and are provided. In the present GENI Cloud system, due to the provision of limited APIs, restrictions may occur in the future Internet testbeds and the Eucalyptus Cloud system management. Therefore, this study proposes a cloud-based mobile health service for the enhancement of the quality of service (QoS) including factors such as reliability and response time to resolve the problems of the broadband-communication infrastructure in the existing mobile health service and the delay problem on the wireless body area network. In this paper, we propose the cloud-based u-healthcare network with a QoS-guaranteed mobile health service. For this method, the TMO-distribution object model that was used in the existing research to implement a reliable and efficient cloud system for users was not used, and instead, a cloud-platform environment was built up through the construction of a distributed system based on a cluster-based mobile object. For this purpose, this study considered the characteristics of the wireless-communication environments between the terminals and the cloud servers in the mobile cloud environment and the proposed cloud mobility services and the specialized mobile cloud-control software. Later, for linkages with cloud computing environments and testbeds was proposed. In addition, this study carried out a cloud mobility-control design to provide a service in the mobile cloud environment that is based on the actual future Internet testbeds. Lastly, based on the structured cloud-platform environment, this study designed access interfaces to provide a mobile healthcare service in consideration of the user convenience. For the mobile-service access interfaces, since the same service interfaces can be used to access the characteristics and functions of all of the applications from browsers and device clients, the model-view-controller structure of the platform was designed, including the components for the further improvement of the requirements, reuse, and maintenance of the codes in medium and large distributed systems.

Chatbot-based heathcare service with a knowledge base for cloud computing

With the recent increase in the interest of individuals in health, lifecare, and disease, hospital medical services have been shifting from a treatment focus to prevention and health management. The medical industry is creating additional services for health- and life-promotion programs. This change represents a medical-service paradigm shift due to the prolonged life expectancy, aging, lifestyle changes, and income increases, and consequently, the concept of the smart health service has emerged as a major issue. Due to smart health, the existing health-promotion medical services that typically have been operated by large hospitals have been developing into remote medical-treatment services where personal health records are used in small hospitals; moreover, a further expansion has been occurring in the direction of u-Healthcare in which health conditions are continuously monitored in the everyday lives of the users. However, as the amount of data is increasing and the medical-data complexity is intensifying, the limitations of the previous approaches are increasingly problematic; furthermore, since even the same disease can show different symptoms depending on the personal health conditions, lifestyle, and genome information, universal healthcare is not effective for some patients, and it can even generate severe side effects. Thus, research on the AI-based healthcare that is in the form of mining-based smart health, which is a convergence technology of the 4IR, is actively being carried out. Particularly, the introduction of various smart medical equipment for which healthcare big data and a running machine have been combined and the expansion of the distribution of smartphone wearable devices have led to innovations such as personalized diagnostic and treatment services and chronic-disease management and prevention services. In addition, various already launched applications allow users to check their own health conditions and receive the corresponding feedback in real time. Based on these innovations, the preparation of a way to determine a user’s current health conditions, and to respond properly through contextual feedback in the case of unsound health conditions, is underway. However, since the previously made healthcare-related applications need to be linked to a wearable device, and they provide medical feedback to users based solely on specific biometric data, inaccurate information can be provided. In addition, the user interfaces of some healthcare applications are very complicated, causing user inconvenience regarding the attainment of desired information. Therefore, we propose a chatbot-based healthcare service with a knowledge base for cloud computing. The proposed method is a mobile health service in the form of a chatbot for the provision of fast treatment in response to accidents that may occur in everyday life, and also in response to changes of the conditions of patients with chronic diseases. A chatbot is an intelligent conversation platform that interacts with users via a chatting interface, and since its use can be facilitated by linkages with the major social network service messengers, general users can easily access and receive various health services. The proposed framework enables a smooth human–robot interaction that supports the efficient implementation of the chatbot healthcare service. The design of the framework comprises the following four levels: data level, information level, knowledge level, and service level.

Performance improvement of intelligent u-Port system using metallic object applications

The term u-City implies a next generation information city with innovative general functions that improve the convenience and quality of city life, guarantee safety and welfare through systematic city management, and create new businesses by combining advanced information communication infrastructures and ubiquitous information services with urban spaces. A u-City constitutes a pleasant city life for urban residents as well as effective city management for city managers. u-Port businesses, which represent an ubiquitous port in which all facilities related to port operations share information without any limitations through networks, have recently been highlighted. In particular, u-Port businesses use a specific ubiquitous technology to manage containers that has been recognized as a new scale for managing port logistics. However, as conventional technology is based on sensors, which represents a disadvantage in terms of initial and maintenance costs, studies on RFID-based technologies have largely been conducted. As conductive substances such as an aluminum can, metal box, or cigarette foil packet can improve both antenna directivity as well as have great effects upon antenna performance parameters such as resonant frequencies and radiant efficiency, it is difficult to build on RFID system. Under these circumstances, implementation of a tag antenna without deterioration has become an important task. In this paper, we assess the performance of a metallic object application in an intelligent u-Port system. In the proposed design, the antenna structure consists of square-shaped power feeder connected to the body for coordination with an attached common-use tag chip, whereas the patch device is manufactured in the form of multiple meanders to efficiently scale back the size of the antenna body. The characteristics of bandwidth, efficiency, and recognition distance were compared and analyzed based on the size of the proposed antenna and the number of folds. It was found that the efficiency and gain characteristics change according to the size of the antenna, and the number of folds in the form of meanders have a significant influence over recognition distance of the antenna.